The Implementation Of New Public Management In A Developing Country

This thesis is a study of public sector reform in Pakistan.The thesis explores the adoption and implementation of New Public Management(NPM)practices in Pakistani public sector,with the aim of understanding the role of several factors,external and internal to Pakistan,in influencing the guiding principle.The government of Pakistan has been under constant pressure from global lending agencies like International Monetary Fund,the World Bank and Asian Development Bank etc to privatize its denationalized enterprises that offer civil services and let the hidden hand look after of economy.On the other hand,Pakistan has had a massive civil sector since long and huge mass of people is reliant on public stipulation of services and goods,or we can say that there is no choice of exit available to people living on or below the poverty line and unfortunately the majority of the country's population falls under this scenario.As such shifting towards an open market economy and stepping back of public institutions is an uphill task to do.Nevertheless,social and political factors have made earlier tries to adopt practices influenced by 'New Public Management' have been unsuccessful.The recent reform programmes,by contrast,have resulted from the coercive influence of the IMF following the financial crisis.The aim of this study is to evaluate the impacts of specific NPM practices in government sector organizations.This study will support policymakers from public sectors' to develop strategies to deal with external pressure from lending agencies.Consequently,this problem needs more investigation,particularly in the Pakistani perspective.Academically,it is an attempt to bridge the gap in the existing body of literature particularly from a Pakistani perspective on NPM.Participants of the study were selected from public sector organizations from Pakistan through a structured questionnaire.The anticipated model and structural links were evaluated by using AMOS 23.0 and hierarchical linear regression model in SPSS 22.0.From the perspective of public sector organizations,my dissertation empirically examines the direct influence of key NPM constructs(management style,decentralization,accountability)and environmental characteristics(socio,political and bureaucratic)as a moderator on the direct relationship between key NPM constructs and perceived organizational performance finds some conclusions,main summarized below.First,this study contributes to an understanding of the phenomenon of the adoption and the implementation of NPM practices in the public sector.Moreover,it attempts to produce new findings of the applicability of NPM and what effects the adoption and implementation of management practices from the private sector and New Public Management are having on current management practices in the Pakistani public sector,considering the different administration systems,cultures and traditions involved.Second,the results also confirm that the adoption of private sector management style in the public sector could be more effective than traditional.Also highlights the significance of outsourcing and contracting out in the public sector that how it could benefit the public sector having less human resources and allow projects to be completed more effectively,efficiently and economically.Moreover,the results of this study also suggest to policymakers,to avoid or reduce the corruption in the organization not to outsource or contract out administrative posts.Lastly,over-politicization and corruption of public management and the inadequate institutional ability is another aspect that negatively contributes to the execution of NPM practices.All the participants acknowledged that due to the inadequate institutional capability Pakistani public sector experienced difficulties in the execution of NPM practices.Moreover,this study highlights that over-politicization of the public sector is considered a negative trend towards the adoption and implementation of NPM reforms in the public sector.