Measurement And Countermeasure Of Children’s Multidimensional Poverty In Minority Areas Of Western China

The report of the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: Accurate poverty alleviation and accurate poverty alleviation are important guidelines and policies for poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation work in China.The anti-poverty thinking and countermeasures for precise poverty alleviation have decisive significance for poverty-stricken problems and comprehensive realization of a well-off society.Since 1981,China has reduced more than 800 million poor people.While achieving remarkable achievements in poverty reduction,China’s regional overall poverty problem and poverty alleviation in deep poverty areas have become increasingly prominent.The most complicated one is the western minority.The problem of poverty in the region,the poverty-stricken population in the western minority areas,the high proportion of the poor in the country,the high incidence of poverty and the high rate of poverty alleviation of poverty-stricken people have become issues that must be solved in poverty alleviation and poverty reduction in China.The basis and premise of the smooth implementation of precision poverty alleviation is the accurate identification of poor people.What is inconsistent with China’s poverty reduction achievements is that China’s theoretical research on poverty is lagging behind,the understanding of the basic concept of poverty is vague,and the foundation of poverty.The lack of prudent thinking on the issue and the analysis of poverty are not rigorous,the most prominent of which is the measurement of poverty.Moreover,China’s economy has been at a rapid pace of poverty reduction driven by economic growth.Poverty alleviation not only needs to take advantage of the “Trickle-down Effect” of economic growth,but also depends on the distribution effect of income,and children as a vulnerable group in society.The traditional way of measuring household income as a standard,neglecting the special needs of this special group of children.Based on this,based on the definition of relevant concepts and theoretical analysis,based on Amartya Sen’s " Capability " theory,the ALKIRE-FOSTER method is used to construct a multi-dimensional poverty index system for children in minority areas of western China,and is selected by expert consultation.The dimensions of life level,individual health dimension,daily protection dimension,development capital dimension and social participation dimension are the dimensions of ALKIRE-FOSTER children’s multi-dimensional poverty measurement method,and 20 measurement indicators are selected according to 5 dimensions.The specific indicators are: whether it is staying behind,eating,Accompanying and care,income poverty,vulnerability,health status,drinking water,sanitation,energy and environment,access to health services,domestic violence,school violence,social violence,the extent to which parents want their children to finish reading,and learning expectations The degree of satisfaction,the possession of the dictionary,the distance from the school,daily life,learning decisions,hobbies.According to the constructed Alkire-Foster method,the multi-dimensional poverty of children in Guide County was measured.A total of 306 valid samples were selected from 15 administrative villages in 3 towns and villages of Guide County by spatial sampling.Among them,166 males accounted for 54.2% of the sample and 140 females.The proportion of the sample is 42.8%.There are 175 ethnic minorities,accounting for 57.2% of the sample,and 131 Hans,accounting for 57.2% of the sample.Through empirical analysis,it is found that according to the poverty measurement results of various dimensions,the most serious indicators of multi-dimensional poverty deprivation of children in Guide County are: deprivation of clean energy,deprivation of sanitation,deprivation of school distance,deprivation of children’s health and companion deprivation.According to the multi-dimensional poverty index analysis,when the value of K is 30%,the multidimensional poverty incidence rate of children is 55.2%,the average poverty dimension is 38.9%,and the multidimensional poverty index is 0.2147.The overall deprivation of children in the “individual health dimension” High,deprived indicators are: clean energy use(12.4%),health facilities(10.5%)and distance from the school(10.1%);when the value of K is 40%,children’s multidimensional poverty occurs The rate is 26.8%,the average poverty dimension is 46.2%,the multidimensional poverty index is 0.1238,and the contribution rate of clean energy(10.69%),household health facilities(9.63%)and distance from school(8.84%)to multidimensional poverty are decreasing.It shows that children’s multidimensional poverty is affected by other indicators.When K is 50%,the multidimensional poverty incidence rate is 8.5%,the average poverty dimension is 55.0%,and the multidimensional poverty index is 0.0467.The overall contribution rate of life participation dimension(15.73%)is higher,and the indicator contribution rate of school violence(7.69%)is also at a high level.Among them,the special child groups affected by disability and AIDS have a high incidence of multidimensional poverty and a high degree of average deprivation.In order to improve the multi-dimensional poverty of children in Guide County,the following countermeasures are proposed: constructing a multi-dimensional poverty identification mechanism for children’s poverty alleviation;formulating relevant laws and regulations to protect children’s basic rights;and focusing on solving the poverty problem of special children’s groups: paying attention to the multi-dimensional poverty children when the threshold of K is 30% Problems in the group,increase support for special children groups;improve the basic living environment of poor children: promote the use of clean energy,improve health facilities,and strengthen publicity;create a good social environment for children to fight poverty: actively guide parents Change the educational concept,standardize the educational methods and teaching behaviors of school teachers,encourage households to develop asset accumulation habits,and consider regional differences in the “cancellation and school” policy.