Tourism Community Resilience Under Over-tourism

Tourism community is a typical complex adaptive system.Traditional linear thinking is difficult to provide an effective community development plan.From the perspective of the unique nonlinear,composite perspective of resilience theory,the complexity,comprehensiveness and dynamics of tourism community are studied to cope with the system pressure and disturbance.Kulangsu tourism community was selected as a World Cultural Heritage in 2017 and positioned as a historical international community.Before the selection,Kulangsu experienced the pressure of over-tourism,which led the residential function of the tourist community switch to commercial function.A series of community problems were caused,such as external business occupation,local resident population decay,price growth,ecological degradation,and cultural decline.After the selection,Kulangsu actively and decisively took measures to limit the current flow,which greatly weakened the phenomenon of excessive tourism and carried out community construction with the goal of community revival.Facing the profound changes brought by the long-term excessive tourism pressure to the Kulangsu community,it is necessary to conduct long-term dynamic monitoring,research and management on the tourism community resilience.This article makes a comprehensive literature review,concept and theoretical introduction to the research on tourism community resilience and excessive tourism research.Taking Kulangsu tourism community as an empirical study case,first to conduct its adaptive cycle analysis to determine the history and current status.Field research of in-depth interviews were conducted with residents of Kulangsu community and a grounded theoretical qualitative research method was used to generate a theoretical framework of tourism community resilience under excessive tourism pressure from the bottom up,and to explore the influencing factors of Kulangsu tourism community resilience.Then design questionnaires based on the qualitative research results,conduct field investigations,use statistical methods to extract,measure and evaluate the resilience,vulnerability and adaptability of Kulangsu tourism community to form a comprehensive impact mechanism.Use path coefficient,non-parametric test,factor analysis and other systematic,diversified mathematical models to analyze the influence direction,influence means and influence degree of the population characteristics,vulnerability factors and adaptability factors on the tourism community resilience,which reveals the comprehensive driving mechanism of the single and compound roles,interaction coupling and network connection in the complex system of the tourism community.On the basis of qualitative and quantitative research,it proposes adaptive management countermeasures to promote community rejuvenation.The main research conclusions of this article include:(1)Kulangsu tourism community has gone through two adaptive cycles of international community and over-tourism community,and is now at the initial stage of the third adaptive cycle,the world cultural heritage tourism community.(2)In the theoretical framework of tourism community resilience under over-tourism pressure,system vulnerability and adaptability together form the resilience of the tourism community.Among them,vulnerability is divided into external and internal sources,adaptability is divided into community capital and individual capital,and demographic characteristics cause differences in resilience perception.Community resilience includes four dimensions: social,ecological,economic,and governance.Resilience is a dynamic indicator that changes with time and space.(3)Vulnerability includes excessive tourist environment,poor regional planning,deformed economic structure,livelihood resources problem,insufficient governance capacity and market supervision,external business occupation,and loss of cultural capital.Adaptability includes residents' community awareness,government policy system and world heritage community capital.Demographic factors such as age,occupation,community identity and length of residence also have a significant impact on perceived differences in resilience.(4)The comprehensive evaluation model concludes that the current resilience of Kulangsu tourism community is at a moderate to low level.The main driving reason is that economic vulnerability and governance vulnerability have caused a significant and extensive composite impact.It also concludes that the indirect effect of government adaptability on individual adaptability and community vulnerability is of great significance.(5)Put forward the adaptive management countermeasures of Kulangsu tourism community,including to improve governance capacity,do a good job in community feedback,clarify administrative power,and promote social organization.For economic dimension,to develop a diversified economy,overcome differential land rents,and provide livelihood opportunities.For ecological dimension,to improve and humanize community life service planning,improve community public service facilities and community living environment livability.For social dimension,to promote the integration of multi-identity residents and strengthen the awareness of community participation,improve the population structure and enhance the new generation education,and promote community cultural renaissance to revitalize the community.This article aims to explore the theoretical framework,influencing factors,driving mechanism and adaptive management countermeasures of tourism community resilience under over-tourism pressure to enhance the resilience and community well-being of Kulangsu tourism community,and promote the sustainable development of its world cultural heritage cycle path.At the same time,to provide a reference for the construction and improvement of the tourism destination resilience under over-tourism pressure.