Evaluation And Research On Input And Output Efficiency Of Scientific Research In Chinese And American Public Universities

Scientific research in universities plays a very important role in the national science and technology innovation system.The level of scientific research in universities is closely related to the country's overall technological innovation capability.In the background of the international talent competition and creating a world-class university,scientific and effective evaluation of college scientific research level of input and output efficiency,rational allocation of limited scientific resources and to improve the ability of scientific research and innovation are very crucial for our country,society and universities.There is a certain gap between Chinese universities and American top universities in the ability of scientific research and innovation.How to improve the efficiency of input and output of scientific research,and to narrow the gap between the level of scientific research in universities of China and the United States have become an important problem to be solved for improving the competitiveness of scientific research in universities.The efficiency of input and output of universities is an important measurement of the achievements of scientific research and the level of performance.So it is of great significance for promoting scientific research and accelerating the sustainable development of universities and for the construction of the double top universities in China to compare and study the efficiency of input and output of scientific research in universities and to put forward countermeasures and suggestions according to the results of the empirical analysis.Adopting Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA),based on the research input and output index system with the international comparability,according with the evaluating principle of Data Envelopment Analysis,this paper chooses 44 public college and university in China and America(hereinafter referred to as public university in C&A)as evaluation objects.This paper takes the DEA validity analysis to the different types and different levels of colleges and universities in C&A,adjusting the quantity of the in-put and out-put for those colleges and universities without satisfying DEA validity to achieve the target value,applying Malmquist index to study the changes in the level of scientific research productivity in China and the United States in 10 years,to comprehensively evaluate of the research input and output efficiency of Chinese and American universities,from theview of static state and dynamic state.By the demonstration analysis,the conclusion follows:(1)In the DEA validity analysis of the colleges and universities in C&A,there are 8 universities in China and 10 universities in America achieve the DEA validity analysis,respectively accounting for 36.4% and 45.5%.In term of technology efficiency,there are 13 universities whose VRSTE are 1,both in China and America,achieving DEA validity analysis,accounting 59% or so.In term of scale,there are 8universities in China and 10 universities in America achieve the ideal condition.The scale yield range is the same.There are 2 universities in China and 7 universities in America are in the decreasing interval of the scale yield.There are 12 universities in China and 5 universities in America are in the increasing interval of the scale yield.(2)In term of the types of college and universities,as for Chinese college and universities,the comprehensive efficiency of comprehensive university is the highest.The second is Agriculture and Forestry.The comprehensive efficiency of the science and engineering universities is worse.As for American college and universities,the comprehensive efficiency of comprehensive university the highest,The second is the science and engineering university.The Agriculture and Forestry university is worse.creasing interval of the scale yield.(3)Based on DEA projection principle,this paper makes analysis of the colleges and universities without achieving DEA validity analysis,looking for the index of input redundancy and output deficiency,to make sure the direction and quantity of input and output indexes to be improved.With the research,It has been discovered that there both exist that the phenomenon of input redundancy and output deficiency in Chinese universities and America universities.The redundancy proportion of Chinese universities' spending on science and technology are more than America's a little.And there exists distinctions on the type of universities.(4)Based on DEA model,applying Malmquist index method,this paper studies on the changing tendency of the total factor productivity of the whole scientific research input and output in Chinese universities and America universities from 2006 to 2015.The study concludes that there is a large of volatility of the total factor productivity of the whole scientific research input and output in Chinese universities and America universities.There is none of university'sMalmquist index changing tendency both in China and America is increasing continuously.The rise and fall alternate.From 2006 to 2015,the changing of Malmquist index of Chinese universities and America universities are mainly depended on the technology efficiency change and technology progress change.Based on the theoretical research and empirical analysis of the research input and output efficiency of Chinese universities and American public universities,in order to rationally allocate university scientific research resources,to improve the utilization rate of scientific research resources and research innovation ability,this paper gives the following optimizing proposals: allocate scientific research human resource rationally,improve the quality of scientific research in universities,standardize the management of university research funding,improve the utilization rate of scientific research resources,pays tremendous attention to internal training of talents,to realize cooperation and exchanges between researchers,improve the incentive mechanism for scientific research achievements,playing its guiding role;formulate development plans for scientific and technological innovation in universities,to promote the steady growth of scientific research in universities.