Evaluation And Diagnosis Of Physical Ability Level Of Elite Triathletes In China

Objective:Triathlon is the endurance project of physical fitness.The level of physical fitness is crucial to the special performance.This study is mainly to diagnosis the physical fitness indicators that greatly affect the special performance of China's outstanding male and female triathletes,in order to find the specific weak spots of each athlete's physical fitness level.Methods: 12 Chinese elite men and women triathletes volunteered to participate in this study,with 6 males and 6 females.Different methods are used to determine body shape,body function(heart,lung,blood,skeletal muscle),sports quality(aerobic capacity,1000 meters running,400 meters swimming,grip strength,vertical jump,closed eyes and one foot).All indicators are analyzed in grey relational degree with the results of a recent game.The physical structure model is constructed with indicators with a high degree of relevance to the special results,and each athlete's physical fitness indexes are scored and diagnosed by the percentile method and the radar analysis method,in order to find the specific shorts for everyone.Results: 1)The higher correlation index and gray correlation values with the special male/female triathletes in China is: the length of the hand(male0.8661/female 0.6961),the percentage of muscle content(male 0.8483/female0.6770),the length of the arm(male 0.8293)/BMI(female 0.6721),the circumference of the ankle(male 0.8178/female 0.7405);stroke volume(male 0.8734)/ejection fraction(female 0.9434),vital capacity(male 0.8152)/maximal voluntary ventilation(female 0.7806),Blood volume[ml/kg](male 0.9109/female 0.8613),Hemoglobin[g/kg](male 0.8606 /female 0.8613),relative value of the effective decrease in muscle oxygen(male 0.8379/female 0.6219);400m swimming(male 0.9058/female0.9832),ventilation threshold[%VO2max](male 0.7558/female 0.7818),vertical jump(male 0.7726/ female 0.9317),grip strength(male 0.7075)/One-leg standing witheye-closed(female 0.8217).2)The gap between physical fitness indexes and target model is : male : grip strength > Deff > Hb(g/kg)> BV(ml/kg)>VC(l)> SV(ml)>vertical jump > ankle circumference > VT(%VO2max)> 400 m swimming > arm length > the percentage of muscle content > hand length;female : One-leg standing with eye-closed > BV(ml/kg)>Deff > Hb(g/kg)> MVV(l)> vertical jump>BMI>the percentage of muscle content > 400 m swimming > EF > hand length > ankle circumference.3)Athletes of different genders have different gaps between physical indicators and target models.Conclusions: 1)The most important influence on the special performance of China's outstanding men's triathletes is physical function,followed by body shape and sports quality.The most important influence on the special performance of China's outstanding female triathletes is the quality of sports,followed by physical function and body shape.2)The overall physical weakness of the excellent triathletes in China is : male : It is mainly the body function and the muscle strength of the upper and lower limbs,and the body function is mainly focused on the ability of muscles to use oxygen,followed by the blood system;female : It is mainly the body function and balance ability,followed by the lower limb strength,and the body function are mainly focused the ability of the blood transport system and muscles to use oxygen.3)Athletes of different genders have different specific weaknesses,and the training plans should be developed in a targeted manner.