The Study Of The Institutional Change Of The Professional Sinology Education Of Chinese Universities

Since the 1920s,the professional sinology education has prospered twice among Chinese universities.After the 1990s,there is a growing number of a new type of professional sinology education institutions such as the sinology academy among Chinese universities,which have an obvious contrast with the rise and fall of sinology in the last century.How to understand the characteristics,the underlying mechanism of its rise and fall and the mechanism of institutional changes in the professional sinology education in the last century?Since the 1990s,what are the reasons that promote the rise of the professional sinology education in universities?What are the characteristics?And what is the mechanism of its institutional changes?What kind of inspiration that the current professional sinology education can gain from the changes in the 1920s?This study adopts literature research,case studies and comparative research methods to explore these issues from the perspective of New Institutionalism(?????).This study declares that since the birth of the concept of "sinology" in modern times,the professional sinology institution has begun to sprout.At the very stage when the classics system collapses,the educational regulations gradually westernized,the national consciousness and national concepts awakens,and the traditional Chinese scholarship transforms and adapts the modern times,scholars follow the West in the research paradigm,depict and classify our sinology system based on the Western disciplinary system,then set up professional research and training organizations of sinology.As for the student training,Chinese universities have combined the traditional college system and the western curriculum management system.Therefore,the professional sinology institution has been established on this basis.Among them,the "Guoxuemen"(???)of research institute in Peking University and the sinology of research institute in Tsinghua University can be said to be representatives of the development of the professional sinology education in the 1920s.Guoxuemen adopts a collective and cooperative collective training mode,while Tsinghua University develops an individual skill training and independent personal training mode,both of which promote the development of the professional sinology education and the progress of academic research,then reserve a great many of talents and set up a whole system of research and development model for later generations as reference.However,in the mid-to-late 1920s,due to war,shortage of funds,and power struggles,the brain drained and the institutions reorganized in the two major professional sinology education,leading to the stagnation of the development of professional sinology education.Entering the new century,the professional sinology education has gone through two different paths:the "Wuhan University program" represented by Wuhan university,People's university of China and Shandong university,pays more attention to cultivate general talents of sinology,focuses on cultivating undergraduates,and emphasizes the sustainable integration of undergraduate and postgraduate study.Besides,they also insist reform the teaching methodology in accordance with the"'Original Classics'(??)+topic" approach,which reflects the continuation of the old "Tsinghua Program".The Tsinghua Program,represented by current Tsinghua University,pays more attention to the cultivation of academic communication and the construction of academic platforms between China and the Western countries.It reflects the institutional continuity of the Guoxuemen in Peking University.In general,the changes of the professional sinology education institution are based on three organizations as the government,the university,and the social groups,which are the most representative organizations that influence higher education.Before the implementation of "the Reform and Opening-up" policy,the European-continent type of government-led university power model leads to the fact that university's academic power gives way to administrative power,squeezing the living space of the professional sinology education.However,after the implementation of the policy of "the Reform and Opening-up",the university autonomy movement provides a relatively loose institutional environment for the changes of university institution.The discipline pursuit of the sinology which emphasizes to broaden the research orientation and gather academic resources has become the organization interest pursued by the professional sinology education organization.The expectation of social groups and individuals to cultivate talents and developing knowledge in universities has become an essential motivation.Together with the culture-cognition of "double first-class" also provides legitimacy for the transformation of professional sinology education institution.