Research On The Evaluation Of The Construction Of High-Level Universities In China

Since the 1990s,China has begun to promote the construction of high-level universities vigorously.After the development of "211 Project","985 Project","Provincial and Ministerial Universities","2011 Plan" and other policies,China's high-level universities have made remarkable progress.In 2015,China began to enter the "double first-class" construction stage of pursuing high quality and connotative development.The"double first-class" construction project aims to comprehensively improve the quality of China's higher education,make a number of Chinese universities and disciplines ranking on the list of world first-class universities and disciplines.China's high-level universities are striving to join in the ranks of the world's high-level universities and get global recognition,which requires them to fully understand the booming world university ranking activities in the past two decades.Since the 21st century,the Academic Ranking of World Universities,QS World University Ranking and THE World University Ranking have emerged one after another,which provide relatively clear and common criteria for the definition of high-level universities,that is,the universities in the front row of world university rankings are recognized as the world's high-level universities.This provides a relatively objective,observable and referential path for thinking and evaluating the construction direction,construction strategy and construction effect of China's high-level universities.But there are blind and extreme phenomena in the pursuit of improving the world ranking of universities in China,divorced from national conditions,merely based on the index system of world university rankings.It even conceives and practices high-level university construction on the basis of individual or some indexes in the world university rankings.The reasons for why these phenomena have happened are many-sided,in China the world university rankings are newly introduced,we lack a comprehensive,scientific and historic understanding of it.The famous universities which are in the forefront of the world university rankings are indeed the global top high-level universities.The mentality that desiring to catch up with these top universities directly mislead our understanding and practice of the world university rankings to some extent.How to correctly understand and use the evaluation tool of university ranking,how to correctly understand the current situation and existing problems of China's high-level university construction,and how to formulate the long-term and effective development strategy of China's high-level university construction,have become a subject which should be seriously thinking and practicing.Based on this,this paper studies from the following aspects:First,clarify the evolution,nature,application principles of university ranking,and the indicator system and internal common value orientation of the major world university ranking tools,to make clear of the instrumental value of university ranking.Second,based on the ranking data of QS,THE and ARWU world university rankings which with high global recognition,this paper explores the current situation,existing problems and the gap between China's high-level universities and the global top universities.Third,make case studies of the five global top universities,deeply analyze their development processes,individual characteristics,as well as the common elements presented by the five universities,in order to provide more rich and detailed information and inspirations for our high-level university construction.Through the research work,this paper draws the following conclusions:First,as a tool to evaluate the development status and level of universities,the world university rankings have their own backgrounds,contents,natures and orientations.No matter the university or the country,both should clearly grasp these elements of the world university ranking tools,and use them for reference based on reality,instead of simply and thoughtlessly using them.Second,although different world university rankings have their own backgrounds,contents,natures and orientations,they contain several important common elements.Based on these common elements,we can see that in the past five years,China's high-level universities,especially the top ones,have made remarkable progress through a series of construction projects,particularly in the field of scientific research,which has improved the position of China's high-level universities in the world university rankings.Third,based on the common elements of world university rankings,China's high-level universities are facing challenges in the process of constructing world's high-level universities.The construction level of domestic high-level universities is obviously unbalanced,the gap between them is significant and even shows an expanding trend.Fourth,in the process of construction,the global top universities show some basic commonalities:attach great importance to the quality of personnel training,to the high-quality scientific research and to the high-quality school running process.The data analysis of world university rankings and the growth path of the global top universities provide valuable information and specific inspiration.In view of the current situation and difficulties in the construction of high-level universities in China,this study puts forward the following development suggestions:First,focus on discipline planning and layout,effectively promote the construction of high-level disciplines.Second,optimize the incentive mechanism for scientific research and encourage high-level achievements of scientific research.Third,adhere to the cultural standard,nurture and cultivate the atmosphere and environment for the growth of high-quality talents.Fourth,improve the level of internationalization,deepen and enrich academic exchanges.Fifth,optimize the ratio of students to teachers and the ratio of teachers to administrators gradually to lay the foundation of sustainable development.In addition,the local governments where the high-level universities are located should attach great importance to the construction of high-level universities,especially in terms of resource allocation and ecological atmosphere construction,select practical paths,implement effective measures to promote the construction of high-level universities in China.