Research On The Path Of Realizing Equalization In Compulsory Education Between Urban And Rural Areas

Compulsory education,also known as compulsory education and free compulsory education,is compulsory education for all school-age children and adolescents.It is related to the healthy growth of adolescents and children,the development of the country and the future of the nation.The equality of compulsory education is conducive to the protection of the people's most basic right of equal opportunity and is an important prerequisite for the people to realize their needs for a better life.When new China was founded sixty years ago,the first generation of the party and state leaders set the period of compulsory education period to the same education level of the developed countries,which reflects the firm belief that no matter how poor a country is,it cannot develop education.Education in China has been the rapid development of robust,to be a brilliant achievement.In the report to the 19 th national congress of the communist party of China(CPC),the development of education was once again highlighted and emphasized,with the aim of "building a strong country in education is the foundation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.Therefore,under the current situation,it is urgent to solve some persistent problems in education.One of the most important problems is the inequality of urban and rural education.The dual education pattern formed for a long time has resulted in the imbalance of facilities,teachers,teaching and management of urban and rural education,which has seriously hindered the equal development of urban and rural compulsory education.Realizing the equality of compulsory education between urban and rural areas can promote the development of national economy,narrow the gap of cultural level between people,ensure the equal right of citizens in education,and realize the sustainable development of urban and rural areas.This paper explains the meaning of the compulsory education equalization,combined with the theory of public goods,the theory of public finance and the theory of education equity.Then it makes an empirical analysis on the urban and rural compulsory education in LZ district of LY city through establishing the index system of equal compulsory education and using Theil index.This paper analyzes the indicators from three aspects: equal access to urban and rural compulsory education,equal process and equal result.The indicators of equalization of opportunities include primary and secondary school enrollment rate and student composition ratio.The index of process equalization includes expenditure of per student education,ratio of students to teachers,per student books,per student computers,per student playground area,ratio of teachers with bachelor's degree or above and ratio of teachers with deputy senior professional title or above.The index of results equalization includes the enrollment rate of junior middle school and the number of ten thousand graduates.This paper analyzes the current situation of the equalization of urban and rural compulsory education in LZ district of LY city and points out the existing problems.This paper analyzes the causes of the inequality of urban and rural compulsory education from three aspects: opportunity,process and result.The reasons include the thought of city-centered development,the unbalanced distribution of high-quality teachers,the large gap of comprehensive quality between teachers in urban and rural areas,the unequal amount of fiscal input in urban and rural areas and the unreasonable proportion of fiscal input.Drawing lessons from the successful experience of Chiba in Japan and New York in America,and from the successful experience of Huang Gang city and Wu Xi city,this paper summarizes the path to realize the equalization of urban and rural compulsory education in China.First of all,establish the concept of equal development of urban and rural compulsory education,introduce local laws and regulations on compulsory education and improve the household registration system.Secondly,we should establish an effective guarantee mechanism for the fairness of compulsory education,intensify the enforcement of laws in the field of compulsory education and accelerate the process of supporting legislation for compulsory education.Thirdly,optimize the allocation of urban and rural teacher resources.We will make overall plans for the establishment of compulsory education teachers in urban and rural areas and the setting of their posts,give preferential treatment to rural teachers,increase opportunities for exchanges between urban and rural teachers,and give full play to the leading role of key schools.we should increase financial and resource investment in rural compulsory education.Finally,We will increase financial and resource input in rural compulsory education.We should establish a long-term mechanism which government could spend education and high-quality resources are more favorable to rural areas,standardize the system of transfer of government payments for education,expand the sources of education funding,and establish "priority areas for education."...