Accurate Poverty Alleviation In Poverty-Stricken Rural Areas From The Perspective Of Family Income And Expenditure

Poverty in our country now tends to concentrate on specific regions and people,which are the key objects for targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.Family is the basic unit of rural residents'identity and behavior.Only understanding the economic status of each family can make the poverty alleviation policy more accurate.Most of the existing theories and researches are based on individual unit and from the perspective of a certain influencing factor of poverty.Research that has a systematic interpretation for family economic behavior and makes a summary of it is still a lack.Based on it,this paper selects the perspective of family income and expenditure to study the rural poverty issue in poverty-stricken areas.The research thought is "generalization of the characteristics of income and expenditure—relation analysis—mechanism summary".Author's investigation in Xiatan Village,Ganzhou City forms the primary data of this article.The paper has seven chapters.The first chapter mainly introduces the background,significance,research object,empirical object and research idea.The second chapter summarizes the relevant theories of income,expenditure and poverty,and summarizes the research on the relationship between income and expenditure,the mechanism of income and expenditure and the mechanism of poverty.In the third and forth chapter,this paper firstly revise the current classification of income and expenditure.Family income is divided into labor income,property income and welfare income and family expenditure into living expenses,social expenses and investment expenses.Then the third and forth chapter summarizes the characteristics of each item of income and expenditure of rural households in poverty-stricken areas and give them a theoretical explanation.There are three results in it.First,family income presents"onion head" structure.Second,family expenditures present compressed characteristics.Third,education and employment are two key factors that influence family economic behavior.Based on the research result of chapter three and four,chapter five selects education(with or without bachelor's degree or above)and employment(with or without professional investment)as two perspectives.It divides poor families into three types,which are bilateral-deficient families,professional-investing families,and cultural-prominent families.Based on this,the expenditure-income relation is analyzed separately for each type of family,covering the relationship between the total income and expenditure,the relationship between the total and each sub-item of income-and-expenditure and the internal relationship between income and expenditure.Based on the analysis of these relationships,the mechanisms of different households' income and expenditure are proposed.The mechanism of a bilateral-deficient family can be summarized as follows:"In the constrictive expenditure which is restrained by total income,living expenses and social expenses have resulted in a squeeze on investment expenditure and a small amount of it.Moreover,a small quantity of investment in education,financial management,and occupation inhibits the growth of labor and property income in the future.Therefore,the household income is difficult to raise." We can summarize it as a household income and expenditure mechanism that can be called 'involution mechanism',which is used to describe the growth of the family's economic situation without substantial improvement.The mechanism of the professional investment-oriented families can be summarized as follows:"When total expenditure is restrained by total income,households invest appropriately in the circumstance that they can sustain living expenses and social expenses.As we all know,professional investment is the main investment expense for professional-investmenting families,which brings about the increase of labor income in the next stage."The mechanism of cultural-prominent families can be summarized as follows:"The households without financial expenses rely mainly on the growth of labor income;property income does not increase substantially due to savings.But for households with financial expenses,property income is usually the largest source of income,;labor income is also one of the main income".Based on each type of mechanism of income and expenses,especially the "innovation mechanism of income and expenses"of bilateral-deficient family,chapter six puts forward suggestion to accurate poverty alleviation from four angles:the economic,social and institutional policy,planning and construction.The seventh chapter is the main conclusion,innovation point and deficiency of this paper.The whole thesis contains about 58 000 words,67 pictures and charts.