Study On Evolution Process And Optimal Regulation Of Rural Homestead In Guangxi Based On The Differentiation Of Farmers' Livelihoods

As an important carrier of rural production and life,homestead is the foundation for farmers to settle down.With the development of rural economy and society,farmers' housing demand is rising.However,due to the low cultural level of farmers themselves and the influence of traditional ideas such as inheritance of heritage and geomantic omen,farmers' awareness of saving and intensive land use is not strong.The phenomenon of building new houses without demolishing old ones and occupying farmland at will is frequent,which leads to inefficient use of residential land and confused layout.As a product of the planned economy era,the current rural homestead system is increasingly unable to adapt to the development of market economy.The inherent defects of the homestead system aggravate the unreasonable and inefficient use of rural homestead.Especially,with the large transfer of surplus rural labor to urban nonagricultural industries and the strict restrictions on the transfer of rural homestead result in the amphibious occupation of a large number of agricultural migrants.While intensifying the contradiction between supply and demand of urban and rural construction land,empty villages characterized by idle and abandoned residential land are increasing day by day,and the utilization status of rural residential land is not optimistic.With the development of market economy,farmers' livelihood are no longer confined to agricultural production and constantly changing to modern part-time management.The livelihoods of farmers are constantly changing.What is the use behavior of farmers' homestead at different stages of livelihood development,and how do their livelihood strategies and objectives affect the evolution of homestead? In view of this,taking two typical villages as examples,this paper adopts remote sensing image interpretation,ArcGIS spatial analysis,participatory interviews to obtain spatial data and attribute data of rural household homestead.With the support of ArcGIS10.2 software platform,it realizes the link between spatial data and attribute data of rural household homestead,builds a database of "rural household-homestead",and analyses the temporal and spatial rules of the evolution of rural household land in typical villages.Based on the questionnaire survey and the framework of sustainable livelihood analysis,this paper constructs the index system of farmers' Livelihood Assets measurement,calculates the output value of farmers' livelihood assets,divides the types of farmers' livelihood according to the structure of farmers' Livelihood Assets Allocation and labor allocation,and analyses the use behavior and willingness of different livelihood types of farmers to renovate their homestead.Based on the temporal and spatial law and stage characteristics of land use evolution,as well as the behavior and willingness of households with different livelihood types,this paper puts forward the optimal regulation path and safeguard measures for the transformation of homestead utilization.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)On the one hand,the residential land in the two typical villages is expanding rapidly outward,on the other hand,it is seriously idle and abandoned.The expansion of residential land in village A is mainly manifested in the encroachment on cultivated land,idle land and woodland,while that in village B is mainly manifested in the encroachment on cultivated land.With the development of the times,the residential land in villages A and B has expanded from the neighboring contracted land and convenient production in the interior of the village to the outside edge of villages with convenient transportation and better environment and along the road.The main factors affecting the location of rural households' housing have evolved from traditional geographic and blood relationship to market and traffic.The idle and abandoned residential land in villages A and B has the characteristics of large base and rapid growth.The main reasons for the serious idle and abandoned residential land in villages A and B are the multiple households and the continuous outflow of labor force.The idle and abandoned homesteads in villages A and B from the early sporadic distribution in the interior of the village evolved to the later stage of widely,densely and disorderly distributed with normal use of homestead in the interior of the village,which are characterized by a banded distribution of breakpoints along the roadside.The per household and per capita residential land area of villages A and B both exceed the standard stipulated by Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,which has great potential for the improvement of residential land.(2)Peasant households have a low overall awareness of land consolidation policies,but have a high overall willingness to carry out homestead consolidation.According to the actual situation of their families,farmers tend to adopt different modes of homestead renovation.Peasant households show their worries about the consumption level,employment opportunities,farming convenience and social security after the renovation and relocation.Farmers of different livelihood types have different willingness to renovate their homestead,and they prefer different ways of renovating their homestead.Pure peasant households prefer to make up for their homestead,community resettlement and on-site renovation,agricultural part-time households prefer community resettlement,while part-time agricultural households and non-agricultural households prefer community resettlement and on-site renovation.From pure peasant households to non-agricultural households,the awareness of homestead renovation policy has gradually deepened,and the willingness to resettle nearby has gradually decreased.Farmer households of different livelihood types have different concerns about remediation and relocation.According to the characteristics of farmers' livelihood and their desire for remediation,we should put forward the optimal regulation path for the transformation of homestead use suitable for farmers of different livelihood types.(3)we should take such measures as compiling the spatial development plan of villages and towns,carrying out comprehensive land renovation,activating traditional rural industries,cultivating new rural industries and new forms of business,changing farmers' ideas and improving farmers' employment ability,cultivating new agricultural management subjects,building a new era of rural governance system,and continuing rural cultural texture to effectively guarantee the efficient transformation and development of rural homestead utilization.We can also consolidate and improve the rural basic management system and homestead system,establish a unified public service and social security system between urban and rural areas,innovate the construction of rural financial system,improve the financial and credit support in rural areas,improve the reform of household registration system,and promote the reform of the system of urbanization of agricultural transfer population,so as to provide institutional guarantee for the transformation of homestead utilization.