Study On Tourism Development Of Shibing Karst World Heritage Based On Man-Land Stakeholders

World Heritage is a kind of protected sites with world class outstanding universal values,but it is currently challenged by many factors,including"natural disasters"and"man-made disasters".South China Karst World Natural Heritage has outstanding universal value in terms of geological evolution,landform type and natural landscape.Meanwhile,the frangibility of the karst ecological environment makes Karst World Heritage an ecological green island surrounded by rocky desertification.World Heritage sustainable tourism meets the interest demands of stakeholders,coordinates the relationship between stakeholders and enables stakeholders to participate in the protection of World Heritage,which is an effective way to promote economic development and prevent rocky desertification.Taking Shibing Karst World Heritage as the research area,this paper applies the guiding ideology of geography,tourism management,psychology and sociology,and combines the stakeholder theory,game theory and sustainable development theory.The paper identifies the man-land stakeholders of Shibing World Heritage tourist though on-the-spot investigation,studies the spatial characteristics of heritage value by literature analysis,interpretes the distribution of rocky desertification by spatial analysis,analyzing the interests of tourists,residents,travel companies,government with questionnaire and in-depth interviews,explores the conflicts and coordination of interests of stakeholders,builds tourism management technologies of Karst World Natural Heritage and guides the planning and development of Karst World Natural Heritage tourism.Research results are as follows:(1)Shibing Karst World Natural Heritage tourism mainly involves man-land stakeholders,among which the land stakeholder includes the environment of Karst World Heritage,and the man stakeholders include tourists,residents,tourism companies and governments.The core layer of stakeholder mapping includes man-land stakeholders who have a direct impact on the development of shibing heritage tourism,the strategic layer includes scientific research institutions,tourism market,non-governmental organizations and media,and the outer layer refers to the macro environment.(2)The interests of land-stakeholder include the protection of outstanding universal values and the prevention and control of rocky desertification.The landscape bearing aesthetic value are mainly concentrated in the central and south of the heritage site.The northern part of the site is an important water conservation area which will affects Shibing karst development.The activities and distribution areas of rare plants and animals are highly consistent,mainly distributed in the central and northern regions of the site.In Shibing World heritage site,the area without rocky desertification is 134.19km~2,the potential rocky desertification is 106.95km~2,the mild rocky desertification is 10.43km~2,the moderate rocky desertification is 0.0056km~2,and the intensity rocky desertification is 0.18km~2.The overall structure of rocky desertification rank is like an hourglass with a small top and a large bottom.The spatial distribution presents a macro pattern of more in east and less in west,more in south and less in north.(3)Man stakeholders'interests demands vary from subject to subject.There are spatial differences in tourists'interest demands.The image of heritage value(?=0.552,P<0.001)of Shamu river scenic spot is the primary factor affecting satisfaction and environmental responsibility behavior.At the same time,it is generally believed that management and facility services(?=0.362,P<0.001)need to be improved.The management and facility image of Yuntai Mountain scenic spot(?=0.549,P<0.001)is the dominant factor affecting tourists'satisfaction and environmental responsibility behavior.Image of heratage value(beta=?,P<0.001)also had a significant impact.The living capital of residents in the heritage area is poor,among which the natural capital is the lowest(0.16).In human capital(0.26),residents have a low degree of participation in tourism(0.08).While in social capital(0.20),they have less opportunities to obtain skills training(0.10).The housing(0.20),fixed assets(0.26)and economic income of residents in material(0.23)and financial capital(0.27)are all at a low level(0.18).Tourism companies pursue economic benefits while driving the development of community residents,but lack of professional guidance making the construction affect heritage value.The problem faced by management agencies is to display the heritage value and narrow the income gap between residents.Targeted poverty alleviation is the most important task for local governments.(4)The interests of human-land stakeholders include heritage protection,economic interests,social responsibilities and other demands.Conflicts of interest exist between heritage protection and tourists,heritage protection and residents,heritage protection and enterprises,as well as between residents and the government.Based on the interest demand analysis of stakeholders,the coordination between heritage tourism development and interest demands are explored.Based on heritage value protection and rocky desertification control,heritage tourism should take the protection of heritage value as the premise and carry out rocky desertification control according to local conditions.Based on the interests demands of tourists,the value of heritage should be displayed online and offline,and the spread of heritage value should run through the whole process of tourists'experience.Based on residents'interest demands,a dialogue and listening mechanism with the local communities should be established,enhance residents'ability to participate in tourism and foster an atmosphere to promote heritage values.Based on the interest demands of tourism companies,it is necessary to strengthen communication with tourism enterprises and increase the value of tourism products,experiences and services.Based on the interest appeal of the government,heritage tourism should be understood from the perspective of supply,demand,community and impact on,and the overall planning of heritage tourism development space should be formulated,and sustainable heritage tourism monitoring should be conducted.Finally,the tourism management technology of Karst World Natural Heritage under the coordination of interests is constructed to coordinate and manage the relationship between tourists'sightseeing and the protection of heritage value,the relationship between tourists'sightseeing and the prevention and control of rocky desertification,and the relationship between community style construction and the protection of heritage value.