The Influence Of Migrant Children On The Employment Of Female Peasantry Workers

The mode of migrant workers’ individual migration has gradually become a "past tense",and now they are more likely to choose to bring their children with them.Children’s relocation can not only reduce the regret of separation between parents and children,but also allow children to receive better urban education resources and reduce the possibility of intergenerational transmission of migrant worker status.However,the dual urban-rural division system caused by hukou discrimination makes it difficult for migrant workers and their children to enjoy urban public services fairly.Children of migrant workers face multiple realities in school,such as high entry barriers,high pressure on education expenditures,and low opportunities for junior high schools.In addition,migrant children are usually younger and require parents to take time and energy to take care and education.However,migrant workers ’families lack the support of other family members in the inflow area,and it is difficult to purchase family care services through money.They can only rely on women to sacrifice work,time and job opportunities to take care of children who have moved with them.It led to the phenomenon of “flow but not work” for female migrant workers.Therefore,this article explores the effects and mechanisms of migrant children on the employment of female migrant workers,proposes corresponding countermeasures,reduces the hidden costs of migrant children,solves the "worries" of female migrant workers’ employment,and promotes the civic status of migrant workers.This paper uses the 2016 National Health and Medical Commission sample survey data of the floating population in the country,and uses the instrumental variable method to conduct relevant empirical research.Due to the inverse causality between the decision of children’s relocation and the employment of female migrant workers,this paper adopts the method of introducing instrumental variables to solve this endogenous problem.The number of primary and secondary schools flowing into the area is selected as an instrumental variable to estimate the regression results.This paper explores the mediating effect of the long-term residential willingness of female migrant workers,and also examines the moderating effects of spouse relocation and children under the age of 3 moving in.Due to internal differences among different groups of female migrant workers,this article divides female migrant workers according to different inflow durations and different housing types,and observes whether the children who have moved with them have the same effect on employment of different groups.Finally,this paper changes the regression model and repeats experiments with data from different years to verify the reliability of the empirical results.The research conclusions in this article show that migrant children have indeed significantly reduced the employment level of female migrant workers.After solving the endogenous problem,migrant children have reduced the employment rate of female migrant workers by 35%,and their working hours and income have also been negatively affected to varying degrees.The results of the mechanism analysis show that the long-term residence willingness plays an intermediary role in the impact of the migrant children on the employment of female migrant workers.The follow-up of the children to the inflow area has increased the willingness of migrant workers to live in the city for a long time.This increased willingness can promote employment of female migrant workers.The substitution effect of employment has weakened.In addition,the spouse’s relocation and the relocation of children under the age of 3 played a moderating role.The empirical results found that the spouse’s relocation and the relocation of children under the age of 3 have a positive effect on the employment of female migrant workers,and can effectively reduce the negative impact of migrant children on the employment of female migrant workers.The results of heterogeneity analysis show that there are significant differences in the influence of the children of migrant workers on the employment of different groups.The younger the children of migrant workers,the greater the negative impact on the employment of female migrant workers,the shorter the inflow time and the rental housing groups are more affected by their children.Changing the regression model and data year,the regression results of this article remain unchanged.