| Chinese traditional martial arts culture is the quintessence of Chinese culture.After the outbreak of the war of resistance against Japanese aggression in 1931,Zhang Zhijiang,a patriotic general,felt the need to "strengthen the nation and strengthen the nation",and in 1933 he founded the National Chinese Normal College of Martial Arts and Physical Education("National Sports Teachers College" for Short).It became the only physical education normal college with martial arts teaching as its core in the republic of China,which played an important role in improving the status of traditional martial arts and promoting the development of Chinese physical education.Established in Nanjing,the college,taking advantage of the unique location,had preliminary development,represented as stable source of students and teachers,complete infrastructure and remarkable achievement of physical education and martial arts.After the outbreak of the full-scale Anti-Japanese War in 1937,Shanghai and Nanjing were in imminent danger due to the tough resistance situation.Consequently,the college moved towards Western China following National Government and began its three-year hardship of changing sites.At the end,it was located in Chongqing where it greeted the new phase of prospect,provided with stable development space once more.School running period in Chongqing,it achieved clear assignment of responsibility,rational division of labor and standardized operation,via the complete organization and obeying the principle of simplification,unification and high efficiency.To further meet the wartime needs,it adopted in 1942 three genres of length of schooling,namely three-year normal college,the added five-year normal college and one-year training course to cultivate physical education teachers.Great changes caused by social environment and length of schooling,including the increasement of enrollment,examination contents and shifts of enrollment regions,facilitated thecollege to better adapt to the wartime environment.Its normal operation and progress benefitted from the students management regulations and abundant faculty at the beginning of its founding.The college has gained good results in students management,adopting strict and detailed management of regionalization and daily chores.Considering faculty team,it had a first-class staff from different areas,specialized,highly-educated and experienced.Under their leadership,the college started diversified teaching modes such as course-based learning,seminars and lectures during vacations and moral teaching so as to ensure the quality of students education and higher teaching.During the period of Anti-Japanese War,it was a distinctive college with characteristics such as combination of teaching and research,profound military atmosphere,integration of martial arts and physical education.After years of development,it has trained a large number of martial arts teachers for schools and colleges at all levels and provided soldiers and instructors during the Anti-Japanese War,inheriting and carrying on the Chinese culture of traditional martial arts,and laying foundations for the establishment of Hebei Normal University and Tianjin University of Sport of todays.However,limitations also exist in its development process,namely serious shortage of funds and frequent shifts which hinders its advancement and the cultivation quality of students.In general,as the only one sport normal college focusing on martial arts teaching in the Republic of China,it burdens the historical mission of “strengthen the nation and strengthen the nation”and makes indelible contributions to the society and nation.As a typical case of wartime education,it reflects the impact the current political situation has on education. |
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