The Impact Of Technological Progress On The Employment Of Manufacturing In China

China is the most populous country in the world,and employment is a major livelihood issue of great concern.In recent years,the number of new urban labor force and college graduates who need to be employed each year has reached new highs,and the employment pressure is increasing unabated.The employment issue is not only a major livelihood issue,but also the focus and hotspot of economic scholars’ research.For a long time,the service industry has developed rapidly with the advantage of large employment flexibility.However,with the rapid development of information technology,artificial intelligence and Internet technology,in terms of social production,the level of intelligence and automation in production has been continuously improved,and labors in all fields has been replaced.As the core industry that promotes economic development and absorbs the largest number of employment,the employment of service industry has been affected by a significant impact.The focus of this paper is:Will the rapid development of technology have an impact on service industry employment in the context of China’s apparent economic slowdown?Does technological progress have skill bias to service employment or will it lead to labor polarization?Is there a difference between the impact of technology innovation and technology introduction on employment in the service industry?Based on this,this paper firstly combed the technological progress and employment theory of literature,further explore the effect of technological progress on service sector employment mechanism.Then,it briefly introduced the changes in characteristics of China’s technological progress and labor services,and calculates China’s total factor productivity by using the Malmquist index method based on the provincial panel data,which is used as a comprehensive indicator of the level of technological progress.In the part of empirical analysis,since the classification standard of China’s service industry was revised in 2003,and there were many missing data related to the service industry in the previous years,this paper selected the service industry from 2004 to 2018 as the research object.Firstly,it used China’s total factor productivity to test the impact of technological progress on the total employment of the service industry.Then,according to the education level of labor division,explores technological influence on different skills in the employment services.Finally,innovation and technology adoption are included in the same econometric model,investigating the impact of technological progress from different sources on employment in the service industry.We get four conclusions:First,technological progress is positively correlated with the total employment in the service industry,that is,technological progress will boost employment in China’s service sector.At the same time,technological progress increases the share of high-skilled and low-skilled labor in the total employment of the service industry,reduces the relative demand of medium-skilled labor,and leads to the polarization of the service labor force.Second,there is a positive correlation between independent innovation technological progress represented by R&D investment intensity and the number of patents granted and total employment in the service industry.which promotes the employment of both high-skilled and low-skilled labor in the service industry.Third,technology import is also positively correlated with the total employment in the service industry.However,the positive impact of technology introduction on employment in service industry is far less than that of technology innovation due to the lack of technology protection and post-introduction digestion and absorption.Blindly technology introduction will also weaken the enthusiasm of relevant domestic enterprises to carry out independent innovation,form technology dependence,and reduce the relative demand for highly skilled labor in the service industry.Fourth,human capital plays an important role in employment compensation.The improvement of human capital will promote the increase of the total employment of the service industry,significantly increase the proportion of high-skilled labor in the total employment of the service industry,reduce the proportion of low-skilled labor,and promote the optimization of the employment structure of the service industry.Through the study,we put forward the following suggestions:First,increase the investment of educational resources,promote both compulsory education and higher education,attach importance to employee training.and promote the improvement of the human capital level of the whole society’s labor force.Second,we should give full play to the role of labor-intensive service industries in creating jobs.Third,by increasing investment in scientific research,strengthen the company’s ability to rely on independent research and development to innovate technology.Fourth,strengthen the cooperation between enterprises and scientific research institutes,and enhance the ability of enterprises to digest and absorb imported technologies,and realize innovation based on imitation.