The Impact Of Human Capital Structure Upgrading On The Quality Of China’s Manufacturing Export Product

Since China’s accession to the WTO in 2001,China’s economy has developed rapidly,and its export trade volume has increased rapidly.At the same time,China’s manufacturing industry relies on low labor price,which makes China become the world’s largest manufacturing export trade country.Since 2009,the proportion of China’s export trade volume in the world’s total export trade volume has remained the first in the world.However,with the accelerated aging of China’s population,the quantitative dividend of population gradually disappears,and the evolution of human capital structure from low-level to medium-level,which makes China’s manufacturing export enterprises face higher and higher labor employment costs.The advantage of manufacturing enterprises in obtaining competitive position at low price in the international market gradually disappears,in order to maintain the competitive position of China’s manufacturing enterprises in the international market,It is urgent to strengthen the upgrading of its production technology and industrial structure,so as to improve the quality of export products.This paper studies the relationship between the upgrading of human capital structure and the quality of China’s manufacturing export products,in order to provide reference for the quality improvement of China’s manufacturing export products.From the perspective of human capital structure upgrading,this paper studies its impact on the quality of China’s manufacturing exports.First of all,it combs the relevant research literature,concepts and theoretical basis of the upgrading of human capital structure and the quality of export products of manufacturing industry,and analyzes the mechanism of the upgrading of human capital structure on the quality of export products of manufacturing industry through the effects of talent reserve,foreign technology spillover and export scale.Secondly,using the vector angle method of Liu Zhiyong to measure the level of human capital structure upgrading of different industries and industries,using the reverse demand method of Shi bingzhan to measure the quality of export products of manufacturing industry,and taking the proportion of export value of each product in the total export value as the weight to calculate the quality of export products of manufacturing industry.Considering different export areas and technology of export product quality,20 manufacturing industries are classified into low,medium and high-tech industries according to the OECD countries’ R&D.The export regions are divided into OECD countries and non-OECD countries according to the destination countries,and calculate the export product quality of each industry of OECD countries and non-OECD countries respectively,and analyze the products quality trends.Finally,the fixed effect model is used to analyze the impact of the upgrading of human capital structure on the quality of manufacturing export products,and to test the robustness.According to the results of empirical analysis,(1)the upgrading of human capital structure can significantly improve the quality of export products of China’s manufacturing industry through the spillover effect of foreign technology,while the upgrading of human capital structure can significantly inhibit the quality of export products of the whole industry by directly improving labor skills and quality.Because most of the foreign-funded enterprises are multinational enterprises in developed countries with strong technical strength,and their products represent the preferences of consumers in the international market.It is difficult for Chinese enterprises to adapt to the needs of the international market through independent innovation,and the human capital structure of China is at a low level at present,.Only through the imitation and learning of foreign technology,strengthening the "secondary innovation" of export products,can we promote the quality of export products and meet the needs of the consumer market in each destination country.(2)The way that the upgrading of human capital structure affects the quality of manufacturing export products is also affected by different export regions.The upgrading of human capital structure mainly affects the product quality of low-tech industries exported to OECD countries through export scale effect and competition effect,but has no effect in promoting the product quality of medium and high-tech industries.The upgrading of human capital structure can significantly improve the quality of export products of nonOECD countries and low-tech industries through technology spillover effect and talent reserve effect.The high-tech industries can use foreign technology spillover for technological innovation to meet the quality requirements of consumer products in non-OECD countries.