Research On Self Employment Decision And Employment Security Of New Generation Migrant Workers

Persisting in employment is the foundation of people’s livelihood,promoting employment is a national strategy,and improving employment is the foundation of people’s happiness.As one of the key contents of social security research,employment security has been highly valued by all sectors of society.With the in-depth development of urbanization,there are a large number of rural surplus laborers working in cities in China.According to the Monitoring and Investigation Report of Migrant Workers in 2018,the total number of migrant workers in China is 288 million,and the new generation of migrant workers accounts for51.5%.There are great differences between the new generation of migrant workers and the older generation of migrant workers.Most of them have no experience and skills in farming.Compared with the older generation of migrant workers,they have great differences in growth background,family environment,career choice ideas and demands.They are increasingly divided into a highly heterogeneous group,and their needs for realizing the transformation of citizenship and employment security are also increasing.Based on the above background,this study uses the dynamic monitoring data of floating population in China in 2017,focusing on the following issues: First,compared with the new generation migrant workers with other employment status,what is the current situation of self-employed new generation migrant workers in sample characteristics,employment structure and employment quality;Secondly,what are the influencing factors of the new generation of migrant workers’ self-employment decision-making,and whether there is heterogeneity;Third,how to take effective measures to promote the self-employed new generation of migrant workers to realize the transformation of employment status and improve their employment security level.Based on the above research purposes,the Logit model and stochastic forest model are used for empirical analysis.The results show that: First,although employment is still the main form of employment for the new generation of migrant workers,self-employed new generation migrant workers have become a group that can not be ignored,accounting for up to 42.1%,and survival self-employed new generation migrant workers account for up to35.76%,mostly concentrated in wholesale and retail trade,with long working hours,lack of security and low income;Secondly,the new generation of migrant workers with low education level,burden from their hometown/local area,high ratio of household income to expenditure,and public rental housing are more likely to become self-employed,and the top two influencing factors are the ratio of household income to expenditure and whether they have received university education;Third,the self-employment decision-making of the new generation of migrant workers with low education level is more easily influenced by factors such as individual characteristics,mobility characteristics,family characteristics,etc.The higher the ratio of family income and expenditure,the more family-oriented migration,and the easier it is for the new generation of migrant workers with children under 6 years old to engage in subsistence self-employment.Based on the principle of stabilizing employment,strengthening security and benefiting people’s livelihood and the above research conclusions,this study puts forward policy suggestions on employment security from the following four aspects: perfecting labor market,guaranteeing venture capital,training,social security and legal protection.