A Research On The Operating Mechanism Of Interdisciplinary Academic Organizations In American Research Universities

With the development of science becoming more and more comprehensive and integrated,how to break the barriers of disciplines and promote the interdisciplinary integration has become an important issue that needs to be deeply considered and solved.Interdisciplinary construction is an important means of higher education reform and innovation in China,and the perfect operation of interdisciplinary academic organizations is a necessary condition for the successful development of interdisciplinary construction.As a model of interdisciplinary construction,American research universities have made remarkable achievements in promoting compound talents training and technological innovation.This study takes the topic American research universities which have various interdisciplinary academic organizations and perfect operating mechanism as the research objects,and uses the literature research,comparative research and case method,and systematically explores the operating mechanism of interdisciplinary academic organizations in American research universities,in order to effectively reflect the current situation and successful experience of interdisciplinary academic organizations in American research universities.Firstly,from the perspective of the internal and external environmental changes of organizational development and according to the existing relevant literature,this paper comprehensively combs the development process of interdisciplinary academic organizations in American research universities which is divided into germination period,rising period,development period and mature period.Secondly,according to relevant literature,and take the interdisciplinary academic organizations in Harvard University,Stanford University and MIT as examples,and sum up four core elements in the operation mechanism of interdisciplinary academic organizations in American research universities: organizational management,personnel training,achievement transformation and resource guarantee.Organizational management mechanism includes organizational goals,organizational structure,team building and decision-making;Talent training mechanism contains training objectives,enrollment standards,curriculum system,teaching methods and evaluation system;Achievement transformation includes scientific research,external cooperation,technology transfer and innovative entrepreneurship;Resource guarantee mechanism contains national policy,university culture,diversified funds,talent echelon and infrastructure.Thirdly,from the perspective of meeting the complex needs of multiple subjects,this paper summarizes the achievements of interdisciplinary academic organizations in American research universities,and sums up the outstanding characteristics of problem-oriented,composite application,mutual benefit between industry and university and multiple guarantees.Fourthly,combined with the current situation and predicament of interdisciplinary academic organization in Chinese universities,this paper puts forward four specific suggestions to promote the operation and development of interdisciplinary academic organizations in Chinese universities:Focus on interdisciplinary complex problems and optimize interdisciplinary organization and management;Carry out interdisciplinary education reform and cultivate compound applied talents;Establish technology transfer institutions to promote exchanges and cooperation between industry,universities and research institutes;Increase internal and external resources and build interdisciplinary organizational ecology.