Research On The Change And Operation Governance Of Interdisciplinary Research Organizations In American Universities And Colleges

Interdisciplinary Research Organizations are the most effective and unique Research Organization which are set up in American universities and colleges. In the United States, World War II is an important turning point of interdisciplinary research. "Manhattan Project" and "radar R&D" based on national interests, the government organized research contributed to the prosperity of Interdisciplinary Research in American universities and colleges. After World War II, the U.S. government issued a series of policies and reporting in order to encourage interdisciplinary research, there has developed a variety of development strategies in American universities and colleges. Today, the interdisciplinary research organizations is various forms in American universities and colleges, enhance the research competitiveness, has been in a leading position in the international arena.This dissertation thinks R&D contract received as a starting point in American universities and colleges, builds its theoretical foundation on theory of interdisciplinary, theories of new institutional economics, theory of resource dependence, combines macro-analysis with micro-analysis, history with actuality, theoretical discussion with case study, according to the notable characteristic of interdisciplinary research, analyze the evolution, the operation and governance strategy of the interdisciplinary research Organization deeply, conclude that the run rule of the interdisciplinary research organization in American universities and colleges on a deeper level. How to make the interdisciplinary research organization running more efficiently, it needs to select governance strategy, which current governance theory can be complemented and improved. The research methods involve literature review, comparative analysis, case study and quantitative analysis.First, the dissertation analyze the literature co-cited of interdisciplinary research literatures using Citespace software and draw a map of the knowledge frontier analysis, review the the research literature of the "interdisciplinary research organization" on domestic and foreign. Based on the concept of interdisciplinary research organization are defined, the new institutional economics theory and organization theory related to this study directly are reviewed and assessed, and summarizes the change of interdisciplinary research organization in American University and colleges historily, analyze the characteristics and dynamic mechanisms, analyze the organizational change process has clear characteristics, it is a parallel process of compulsive institutional change and inducing institutional change, and analyze the three orientation modes of interdisciplinary research organization: national mission oriented, university autonomous oriented and industry-university collaboration oriented. In order to serve national interests and to meet the social needs, problem solving-oriented, contract production of new knowledge successfully can be achieved in the environment of competition and cooperation, operation mechanisms can be achieved innovated, the allocation of resources can be realized effectively in three kinds of interdisciplinary research organizations in American Universities and colleges, refined three types of operating mechanism within interdisciplinary research organization, found three core operating mechanism in interdisciplinary research organization in American Universities and colleges.The perfect governance strategy is an inevitable requirement for effective operation. From the principal-agent theory, resource dependence theory and transaction cost theory perspective, analyze the external and internal governance structure of three kinds of interdisciplinary research organization in American Universities and colleges; In order to make three kinds of interdisciplinary research organizations run effectively, analyze the governance strategy to improve its internal and external governance structure. Finally, the dissertation concludes that the experience and enlightenment of interdisciplinary research organizational development in American Universities and colleges. It will provide useful reference and enlightenments for the management innovation of university research organization in China.