Research On The System Of Undergraduate Changing Majors In China "Double First-class" Universities

For a long time,China’s undergraduate students account for a high proportion of the overall higher education students,is an important object of higher education training,the quality of undergraduate talent training to a certain extent determines the overall quality and level of higher education.As the most basic teaching unit in colleges and universities,specialty has an important influence on talent training.Among them,professional fit is one of the key factors affecting learning engagement and state,and also affects students’ learning experience and the quality of undergraduate education.Therefore,we should attach great importance to the issue of undergraduates’ changing majors.In recent years,the construction of world-class undergraduate education is the focus of the state and the Ministry of Education,the Ministry of Education has issued a series of policies,clearly pointed out that colleges and universities should implement the right to change majors and students to choose majors freely.However,according to the practice results of changing majors in colleges and universities,the demand for changing majors is still difficult to meet.Therefore,based on the system and operation mechanism of the 42 "double First-class" universities,this study aims to further improve the rationality and satisfaction of the system under the premise of ensuring the allocation and management of resources of schools and departments.The specific research process is as follows:Firstly,on the basis of clarifying the concepts related to the change of major,this paper clarified the theoretical basis of humanistic management theory,Pareto optimal theory,stakeholder theory and learning freedom theory,and sorted out the research status of domestic and foreign experts on the change of major of undergraduates.Secondly,through the coding analysis of the collected texts of undergraduate major transfer system of 42 "double first-class" colleges and universities,through the comparative analysis of university-level major transfer system,it is found that the application time for major transfer in the vast majority of colleges and universities is fixed at the beginning and end of the semester or academic year.In terms of the proportion of the number of people,the restriction of transferring out is basically cancelled,and the way of limiting transferring in proportion is adopted.In terms of application conditions,most colleges adopt a combination of inclusion and exclusion criteria.By comparing the application conditions of science and engineering,arts and science and trade colleges,it is found that special enrollment,special majors and enrollment duration are the common concerns of all kinds of colleges and universities.In contrast,science and engineering colleges pay more attention to academic performance and professional background,while liberal arts and trade colleges,especially trade colleges,pay more attention to students’ interests and specialties.In terms of the work flow of major transfer,colleges and universities are similar,basically following the two-level screening mechanism.Thirdly,the micro interpretation and comparison of the text of the school-department system.In terms of admission conditions,the original major scores of undergraduates are the most important,followed by professional interest and specialty,knowledge base,moral behavior and professional background.Compared with humanities and social sciences,natural sciences pay more attention to professional achievements and professional background.Popular majors have more restrictions than unpopular majors;Compared with the central and western regions,colleges and departments in eastern China have more stringent requirements on professional scores.Fourthly,according to the practice results of the system of transferring majors in colleges and universities,it is found that the strict system of transferring majors will restrain undergraduates’ willingness to change majors and reduce the success rate of transferring majors.In combination with the flow of undergraduate majors,electronics,computer,clinical medicine and economics are the main inflow majors,while machinery,materials,light industry and civil engineering are the main outflow majors.Among them,the mobility between humanities and science and technology majors is weak.Fifthly,it analyzes the system level and practice of college undergraduates’ major transfer,and finds the advantages and experiences of some universities in the system arrangement of major transfer,which are mainly as follows: One is to reduce pre-conditions and lower the threshold for transferring majors;two is to diversify the applicants for transferring majors and expand the coverage of the system for transferring majors;three is to adopt the way of multi-volunteer application to improve the success rate of transferring majors;four is to realize personalized academic guidance and free course selection system to realize the independent transfer of undergraduates.Turn combination system of professional theory and practice,reflect on the current undergraduate major institutional shortcomings,mainly reflects in: is a professional system of logic,2 it is to turn professional focus fixed time,frequency control strictly,3 it is to turn professional system object imbalances,ignore the actual demand groups,four is turn professional threshold sinks to departments,wide out severe into.Finally,in view of the current problems existing in the system of colleges and universities turn professional,and combined with some advanced experience of system has made the following proposals for optimization: one is weakening professional boundaries,cultivate inter-disciplinary talent,2 it is to provide relatively free turn professional channel,three is to optimize professional process,add personalized professional counseling and guidance,four is to build college undergraduate professional feedback and service mechanism.