A Study On The Effect Of Maternity Security On The Willingness Of Women Of Childbearing Age To Have A Second Child

Maternity protection is a general term for a social welfare system that uses institutional arrangements to spread the economic risks caused by childbirth(mainly including medical expenses,childcare expenses,and possible economic risks).Existing research at home and abroad shows that the fertility desire is affected by many factors such as the level of economic development,traditional culture,and social policies.Improving the maternity protection policy is conducive to creating a good social fertility culture and raising the family's fertility desire.All along,China's maternity protection has been based on the employee's maternity insurance system,which mainly provides professional women with maternity medical expenses protection,maternity leave and maternity allowance treatment to ensure the reproductive rights of female employees of childbearing age and promote equal employment of female employees.Since the implementation of the "Comprehensive Two Children" policy,all sectors of society have been more expecting the maternity protection policies,including the maternity insurance system,but what impact does the current maternity protection have on women's fertility desire in China? At present,there are few empirical studies on this aspect.In order to make a better empirical analysis of the impact of the maternity protection on the fertility desire and provide a basis for the scientific improvement of the maternity protection in China,this paper uses the questionnaire survey and interview method to carry out an empirical study on the second child desire of women of childbearing age in Guiyang and its relationship with the maternity protection.The main results are as follows:(1)Maternity guarantee has a significant positive effect on the childbearing wishes of women of childbearing age.Among them,the satisfaction of maternity insurance and reimbursement of reimbursement medical expenses in maternity economic security have a significant positive impact on the second child's fertility desire;maternity leave in the maternity health security has a significant positive impact on the second child's fertility desire.The reimbursement satisfaction of childbirth medical expenses has a more significant impact on these items,and to a certain extent also explains the squeeze effect of childbirth insurance merged into medical insurance on childbirth.(2)In terms of family characteristics,the elderly help to bring children in the family will enhance the second child bearing willingness of women of childbearing age,and the annual family income has the most significant impact on the second child bearing willingness.(3)Based on the surveysample data of Guiyang City,compared with the eastern and central regions,it is also found that women of childbearing age in Guiyang city have a relatively high willingness to have a second child.Based on the above research results,this paper proposes that in order to enhance the implementation effect of the "comprehensive two child" policy,reform and further improvement of the maternity protection policy should be accelerated,the coverage of the maternity economic security should be expanded,and the level of maternity economic security treatment should be comprehensively upgraded,that is,the product of maternity security should be improved Improve the level of childbearing allowance to childcare allowance,support childcare allowance to pay family members,and encourage the development of childcare allowance and family care system for non-employed residents;To clarify the responsibilities of the government,focus on the development of family fertility support policies,promote the sound development of reproductive health insurance,change maternity leave to parental leave,parents participate in sharing parental leave,and enhance male parenting responsibilities.To accelerate the construction of supporting facilities for maternity professional security,better play to the crowding in effect of maternity protection on fertility desire,and vigorously promote and promote social fertility culture.