Study On Intervention Of Home Safety Education For Rural Left-behind Children

According to statistics released by the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China(2018),as of the end of August 2018,there were 6.97 million left-behind children in rural areas across the country.96% of the left-behind children in rural areas were taken care of by(foreign)grandparents and the rest were taken care of by other relatives and friends.Due to insufficient supervision,left-behind children in rural areas face many challenges as they grow up,especially from safety risks such as drowning,traffic accidents,and sexual assault.How to prevent and respond to accidental injuries through home safety knowledge and skills education is of vital importance to the healthy growth of rural left-behind children.Based on this,this research carried out home safety education for left-behind children in rural areas,in order to improve the home safety knowledge and skills of left-behind children in practice,and test the effect of home safety education on safety knowledge,attitudes and behaviors of left-behind children.Based on observations,interviews,and questionnaires,the study identified nine left-behind children in Shaanxi F school through preliminary investigation and screening,and carried out a case study of home safety education.Needs assessment conducted a home safety questionnaire survey on left-behind children.Interviewed with MJS,the head of school safety work,six school leaders,seven teachers and security personnel FJG,and found that the home safety risks of left-behind children have the following characteristics: accidental injury or danger The types of situations are different;when children encounter(possible)accidents or dangers,they generally lack the knowledge and methods to deal with them;the safety education that has been carried out in the past only includes anti-drowning,fire prevention,earthquake prevention,etc.;home safety education is mostly classroom instructions Or the preaching at the conference,the format is single,the children lack experience and are easy to forget.Based on needs assessment,the home safety education intervention program we designed has the following characteristics:(1)On the intervention objects,the screening criteria are clearly defined and the research objects are selected.Based on the above needs survey,an intervention study focusing on safety education was carried out.The three selection criteria for participants were:(1)Rural left-behind children.The household registration is a rural household registration;both or one of the parents went out to work;(2)had suffered accidental injuries at home;(3)the researcher hoped that after the end of the safety education,he could serve as the school's “little teacher” for safety education,so the target of intervention was determined to be 10 years old.Children aged and above who can communicate with others normally.The three exclusion criteria are:(1)Not interested in home safety education;(2)Not willing to improve home safety knowledge/attitude/behavior;(3)The body cannot participate in activities normally.The study finally included 9 older rural left-behind children as the objects of this study.(2)Regarding the content of the intervention,the knowledge,attitudes and behaviors of left-behind children are taken as the main evaluation indicators of the intervention.Under the guidance of social learning theory,hierarchy of needs theory,and social support theory,researchers focus on the fields of household electricity,gas use,and food safety.From the three dimensions of safety knowledge,safety attitudes,and safety behaviors,different group activity courses and case counseling have been designed.(3)In the form of education,"experience + interaction" participatory learning is adopted,instead of "top-down" classroom teaching.The development is based on "Hello,little friend";"I know the safety of electricity";"I will learn about the use of gas";"Food safety,I can";"Safety at home,I can do it";"Move up and have fun." Six events with the theme of "sharing".Specific game forms include different types of experience sharing,video presentation,safety hazard identification,and multiple-choice questions.Research intervention evaluation includes process evaluation and result evaluation.The process evaluation evaluates from four aspects: member attendance rate,participant activity feedback,participant learning experience sharing,and client service evaluation.The result is that the attendance rate of the 9 research subjects in the six activities is 100%,and the activity participation is obtained.Improved;learned home safety knowledge and skills,and corrected previous misconceptions,attitudes and behaviors about home safety knowledge;both the client A Children's Promotion Association and F School gave high recognition to this activity.The evaluation of intervention results uses pre-and post-test.The baseline measurement uses the "F school left-behind children home safety education project questionnaire(baseline T01)",the number of interventions is 6(early December2020-early January 2021),each time at least 90 minutes,within one week after the end of the intervention A follow-up survey was conducted,and a second follow-up was conducted a week later.After the whole activity,the questionnaire data of the two pre-tests and three post-tests were sorted out,and the total scores of each research object's questionnaire including safety knowledge,attitude and behavior questions were calculated(27 questions,1 correct answer)1 point for questions,0 points for wrong answers).After adding up the total scores of the two pre-tests,the individual averages of the two pre-tests are calculated;after adding the total scores of the three post-tests,the individual averages of the three post-tests are calculated.Data analysis showed that: compared with the average individual score of the previous test,the average score of the post-test of the 9 participants has been increased.The intervention effect of safety knowledge,attitude and behavior is also obvious.After participating in the intervention service activities,all three indicators have been improved to varying degrees.The conclusions of the study are: the home safety education of left-behind children in F school has significant effects;social work has the advantage of intervening in the home safety education of rural left-behind children;the comprehensive model of social work methods is more practical;social work can make up for the lack and innovation of school safety work education demand.