Research On The Optimization Of Spatial Layout Of Urban Residential Care Facilities

With the rapid aging of the population,the problem of old-age care is becoming more and more serious,and how to care for the elderly has become an unavoidable problem.With the new situation and new challenges facing the work of aging,the issue of elderly people being able to be raised and have fun has been widely concerned by the society and the government.As a carrier for providing elderly services,how to reasonably allocate the residential care facilities has become an important scientific research.At present,the unbalanced allocation of residential care facilities has seriously affected the efficiency and quality of senior care services,and the scientific and reasonable spatial optimization of residential care facilities will help to realize the balanced allocation of senior care resources and further promote social equity.This paper takes the residential care facilities as the research object,selects the central city of Luoyang as the research case area,and the research scale is the aggregated residential area.The research is carried out in the logical sequence of "analysis of the current situation-discovery of problems-optimization simulation-conclusion".The main research contents include:(1)Obtaining and processing data on residential care facilities,population data and road network data in the central urban area of Luoyang,and establishing a geographical database to evaluate the current situation in terms of spatial layout and service capacity of residential care facilities.(2)Adopting the multi-indicator method to consider the service capacity of residential care facilities,applying the two-step floating catchment area to calculate the accessibility of residential care facilities from the fine-grained aggregated residential scale and street scale,and evaluating the equalization of the layout of residential care facilities under the aggregated residential scale based on the accessibility of residential care facilities using the spatial autocorrelation and local autocorrelation methods.(3)On the basis of determining alternative residential care facilities through suitability evaluation,spatial layout optimization of residential care facilities is carried out based on the principles of equity and efficiency.Firstly,the P-median model is applied to optimize the location of elderly facilities.Secondly,the maximal accessibility equality model is applied to optimize the service capacity of new residential care facilities.The research results show that:(1)In terms of the spatial layout of residential care facilities,the residential care facilities in the central urban area of Luoyang cannot meet the needs of the elderly in the peripheral areas,and there is an urgent need to increase the elderly facilities.In terms of the service capacity of residential care facilities,the total supply of senior care facilities at present is somewhat different from the "9073" senior care policy of Luoyang City;the service capacity varies greatly among residential care facilities;the service capacity of residential care facilities located near traffic arteries,rivers and parks provide services strong ability.(2)The accessibility decreases from the center of each district to the surrounding area,showing a circle structure.The accessibility of each street and township varies greatly,and there is a problem of spatial inequity in the accessibility of elderly care facilities.(3)Based on the multi-factor comprehensive suitability evaluation,the most suitable site selection area was selected for the alternative residential care facilities.The results show that 93.62% of the existing residential care facilities are located in the most suitable site selection area,which proves that the evaluation method is reliable.(4)Using the P-median model,the site selection optimization significantly improved the efficiency of elderly people who originally traveled for more than30 minutes to seek services in residential care facilities;after using the maximal accessibility equality model to optimize the service capacity of new residential care facilities,it was found that the standard deviation of accessibility was reduced and the degree of accessibility parity was significantly improved,with the shortage of residential care resources in Jianxi District being the most obvious.The shortage of senior care resources in Jianxi District is the most obvious,and it is necessary to build a larger scale residential care facility to meet the senior care needs,which can improve the fairness of the elderly seeking services in residential care facilities to a certain extent.(5)By optimizing the location and service capacity of senior care facilities,the efficiency and fairness of spatial allocation of residential care facilities can be significantly improved,and the efficiency and fairness of resource utilization can be improved in the central urban area of Luoyang.In conclusion,this paper identifies the degree of shortage and inequity of elderly facilities in each area of downtown Luoyang through the evaluation of the current situation of residential care facilities layout and the analysis of residential care facilities equalization,and based on this,the spatial layout optimization of residential care facilities provides a reference for the planning layout of senior care facilities in Luoyang.