Spatial Disequilibrium And Dynamic Evolution Of Provincial People’s Livelihood And Well-being In China

People’s livelihood and well-being can represent a concept related to social justice.It can comprehensively reflect residents’ economic level,social security,living environment and many other people’s livelihood conditions.It is the key to social stability and economic efficiency.With the completion of a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and socialism with Chinese characteristics entering a new era,the main social contradiction has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development.Improving people’s well-being has become the fundamental purpose of development.Therefore,on the basis of measuring the level of people’s livelihood and well-being in different regions,quantifying the degree of disequilibrium among regions and studying its evolution law can provide a certain theoretical basis for promoting the balanced development of people’s livelihood and well-being in China.This paper takes 31 provincial-level regions in China as the research object,selects the provincial-level panel data from 1999 to 2019,firstly constructs the people’s livelihood and well-being evaluation index system,uses the AHP-Entropy combination method to comprehensively determine the index weights,and calculates the provincial-level people’s livelihood and well-being.Secondly,the Dagum Gini coefficient of the people’s livelihood and well-being level is calculated,and the inter-regional and intra-regional Gini coefficients are decomposed to measure the size and source of the relative gap;further,the Kernel density estimation method is used to describe the density curve to explore the evolution law of the absolute gap of people’s livelihood and well-being.At the same time,the Markov chain method is used to analyze the dynamic evolution characteristics of transition stability and transition path.Finally,the research conclusions are drawn,and countermeasures are proposed accordingly.The research found in this paper:(1)Using the comprehensive evaluation index system of people’s livelihood and well-being,the people’s livelihood and well-being level of each province,autonomous region and municipality directly under the Central Government from 1999 to 2019 was measured.The calculation results show that the overall level of people’s livelihood and well-being in the country declined in 2000,and then continued to rise;the people’s livelihood in the eastern region The level of well-being is high,while that in the central and western regions is relatively low;there is a significant spatial disequilibrium between the levels of people’s livelihood and well-being among provinces.Mainly distributed in remote areas of western China.(2)The overall disparity in the spatial distribution of China people’s well-being has shown a downward trend,and the rate of decline has been rapid,and has gradually stabilized since 2015.The intra-regional gap in the level of people’s livelihood and well-being showed a trend of rising first and then decreasing,and the decline was large,but the contribution rate to the overall gap showed a small upward trend;the gap between regions showed a tortuous decline,and began to stabilize from 2016 to 2019,the contribution rate to the overall gap showed a slight downward trend.The hypervariable density fluctuates in a small range,and its contribution rate to the overall gap is relatively stable.The lower hypervariable density indicates that the level of people’s livelihood and well-being in China is regionally differentiated,and there are large differences between different regions.Although intra-regional disparities,inter-regional disparities,and hypervariable densities fluctuated continuously during the study period,the main influencing factor of the spatial disparity in the level of people’s well-being was always the inter-regional disparity.(3)In terms of the dynamic evolution of absolute disparity,Kernel density estimation shows that the level of people’s well-being in China is on the rise.The results of the transition matrix analysis of the Markov chain show that during the period from 1999 to 2019,the level of people’s livelihood and well-being in each province has high inertial characteristics,and the probability of transition to the next level is about 20%,showing an overall upward trend.Among them,the different states of the eastern region,the liquidity between the two regions is significantly stronger than that in the central and western regions.According to the research results,this paper puts forward the following countermeasures and suggestions:(1)Improve the economic development level of the central and western regions,transfer the industries in the developed eastern regions to the less developed regions in the central and western regions,and balance the level of economic well-being among the regions.(2)Improve the level of social security in the central and western regions,provide more resources and better preferential policies in educational resources,public services,medical care and other aspects for the underdeveloped regions in the central and western regions,and develop a balanced level of social security and well-being among regions.(3)Improve the ecological environment in the east,strengthen the awareness of environmental protection,and develop the living environment well-being level among regions in a balanced manner.