| In recent years,the aging trend of China’s population has intensified.With the growth of age,the physical function is deteriorating,especially the executive function and functional physical indicators of the elderly have seriously affected the quality of life of the elderly.How to effectively guide the physical exercise of the elderly,intervene the executive function of the elderly through physical exercise,functional fitness and other related issues have also been paid more and more attention by the government.Inhibition control,as the core component of executive function,is also a research hotspot in recent years.This paper mainly investigates the physical exercise of the elderly in Yangpu District,Shanghai,understands the physical data and current situation of physical exercise of the elderly,and discusses whether physical exercise can improve the inhibition and control of the elderly,and whether physical exercise can improve the functional physique of the elderly.Using the research methods of literature,test and mathematical statistics,this paper selects the elderly in Yangpu Park and Huangxing Park in Yangpu District of Shanghai as the survey objects,and investigates and analyzes the basic situation of the elderly in the exercise group and the elderly in the underexercise group,and the Stroop test of inhibition control.The six functional fitness tests include both hands back hook,seat body forward flexion,30 s bending arm,30 s sitting 8-foot walking and2-minute standing still.Independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to verify whether there were differences in various indicators between the exercise group and the underexercise group.The following results were obtained through statistical analysis: 1)the number of women in the exercise group and underexercise group was more than that of men,and the proportion of the elderly with the education level of junior middle school was the largest,followed by high school or technical secondary school and university or college,63.6% of the subjects lived in the same family as husband and wife,and the largest number of people who exercised more than 5 times accounted for 37%.61.3% of the subjects could insist on exercising for more than 60 minutes each time,and 53.8% insisted on exercising for more than three years.In terms of body data,the weight and body fat rate of the exercise group were significantly higher than those of the underexercise group.2)In terms of individual characteristics,for inhibitory control,different levels of education have a significant impact on the correct rate of inhibitory control(p=0.031<0.05).Among them,the correct rate of the elderly with education level of high school or technical secondary school is significantly higher than that of the elderly with education level of primary school,and the correct rate of the elderly with education level of university or college is significantly higher than that of the elderly with education level of primary school,Different levels of education had significant effects on the response time of inhibitory control(p=0.004<0.05).The response time of subjects with primary education was significantly longer than that of subjects with junior middle school,senior high school or technical secondary school,university or college education.For functional physical fitness,gender has significant differences in upper limb flexibility,lower limb flexibility,lower limb strength and sensitive balance and coordination quality of functional physical fitness(p<0.05),education level has significant effects on upper limb strength,sensitive balance and coordination quality and cardiopulmonary endurance quality of functional physical fitness(p<0.05),and family type has significant effects on upper limb strength,lower limb strength and Sensitivity,balance,coordination and cardiopulmonary endurance were significantly affected(p<0.05).3)In terms of inhibition control,there was a significant positive correlation between physical exercise and the correct rate of inhibition control(r=0.509),and a significant negative correlation between physical exercise and the response time of inhibition control(r=-0.588).The correct rate of the exercise group was significantly higher than that of the underexercise group(p=0.001<0.05),and the inhibitory function response time of the exercise group was significantly lower than that of the underexercise group(p=0.001<0.05),which was not affected by gender factors.4)In terms of functional fitness,physical exercise has a significant correlation with upper limb strength quality(r=0.174),physical exercise has a significant correlation with lower limb flexibility quality(r=0.306),physical exercise has a significant correlation with upper limb strength quality(r=0.185),physical exercise has a significant correlation with lower limb strength quality(r=0.385),and physical exercise has a significant negative correlation with dynamic balance quality(r=-0.159),There is a significant positive correlation between physical exercise and aerobic endurance quality(r=0.503).By comparing the exercise group and the underexercise group,it is found that the lower limb flexibility quality of the exercise group is significantly higher than that of the underexercise group(p=0.001<0.05),and the lower limb strength quality of the exercise group is significantly higher than that of the underexercise group(p=0.001<0.05),The dynamic balance quality of exercise group was significantly higher than that of insufficient exercise group(p= 0.001<0.05),and the aerobic endurance quality of exercise group was significantly higher than that of insufficient exercise group(p=0.001<0.05).The research conclusions show that: 1)in terms of individual characteristics,the education level of the middle-aged and elderly in this survey,their participation in physical exercise and educational background are inversely linked.The frequency of exercise is diverse,mainly for more than 60 minutes and more than 3 years.The elderly who participated in physical exercise more than three times a week for many years and lasted more than 30 minutes each time had better results in weight and body fat rate than other elderly people.2)In terms of inhibition and control,adhere to the frequency of more than three times a week,each lasting more than 30 min.The physical exercise frequency with a period of one year and above can effectively improve the inhibition and control ability of the elderly,effectively improve the concentration of the elderly,and further effectively promote the physical ability performance of the elderly through a higher degree of cooperation between the nervous system and motor organs.At the same time,the difference of education level has significant differences in the correct rate and response time of inhibition control.3)In terms of functional physical fitness,adhere to the frequency of more than three times a week,each lasting more than 30 min,and the physical exercise frequency of one year and above can effectively improve the upper and lower limb strength,upper and lower limb flexibility,sensitive balance and coordination ability and cardiopulmonary endurance of the elderly,while men need more professional targeted exercises to strengthen upper limb flexibility and upper limb strength.Due to the physiological differences of gender characteristics,women are significantly better than men in the flexibility of upper and lower limbs.The higher the level of education and family type also have different degrees of impact on functional physical fitness.Generally speaking,the higher the level of education,the better the performance of functional physical fitness. |
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