A Study On The Willingness Of Professional Women Of Child-bearing Age To Have Three Children In Small And Medium-Sized Cities

The three-child policy is a national strategy implemented by the CPC Central Committee to deal with the aging population and optimize the population structure.In reality,the introduction of the three-child policy has not achieved the expected effect of boosting fertility intention.The newborn birth rate still shows the trend of decreasing year by year,and the problem of population aging is further aggravated.How to improve the willingness of women of childbearing age to have three children has become an important topic that must be studied and solved at present.Compared with ordinary women,professional women of childbearing age generally have higher cultural quality,relatively stable living and working environment,and are a representative group of women of childbearing age.Their willingness to have a third child is more significantly affected by economic,family,social,occupational and other factors.More than 60% of professional women of childbearing age in China live in small and medium-sized cities.Taking this specific group as the research sample can not only more accurately understand the implementation effect of the existing three-child policy,but also have more reference value for the formulation of precise response measures.In this paper,a large number of literatures related to reproductive intention and reproductive behavior are studied.With the professional female group of childbearing age in DD District of Hubei Province as the main research object,guided by cost-utility theory,work-family role conflict theory,incentive two-factor theory and other theories,and combined with relevant knowledge of demography,sociology,economics,questionnaire survey,literature research and other methods,empirical analysis is carried out.We will seek more effective strategies to promote the birth of three children.First of all,the background and significance of the research,the research status at home and abroad,as well as the research methods,ideas,innovation,and put forward the relevant theories and main concepts of the research.Secondly,a questionnaire survey was conducted on the three-child willingness of professional women of childbearing age in DD district of Hubei Province.205 questionnaires were collected.According to the main contents of the survey,cross analysis and descriptive statistics were carried out on the samples by using SPSS data analysis software.The survey found that only 1.46% of respondents have already given birth to a third child,9.75% are preparing for or want to have a third child,and 87.12%have no intention of having a third child,indicating that their intention to have a third child is extremely low.The analysis shows that individual characteristics have different influences on the intention of professional women of child-bearing age: factors such as housing,educational background,and the existing three-child policy are weakly correlated with the intention of professional women of child-bearing age in small and medium-sized cities.The factors that affect the reproductive intention of professional women of childbearing age in small and medium-sized cities mainly come from three aspects: individual,family and society.The reasons why professional women of child-bearing age do not want to have a third child in small and medium-sized cities mainly include: career development is blocked after giving birth,conflict between career and family intensification,the cost of raising a third child is heavy,and ideology,family support,physical health and other aspects.To improve the willingness of professional women of child-bearing age in small and medium-sized cities to have a third child,we must take comprehensive measures from the aspects of society,units,families,etc.,and make concerted efforts.Finally,the paper puts forward some suggestions to optimize the measures for professional women of childbearing age to have a third child in small and medium-sized cities from the aspects of strengthening the protection of labor rights and interests of professional women of childbearing age,the protection of reproductive services and economic support,the construction of supporting facilities for three-child rearing,and family support.This paper hopes to provide reference for further boosting the willingness of professional women of child-bearing age in small and medium-sized cities to have a third child and promote the more effective implementation of the three-child policy through the above research.