Research On The New Rural Construction Of Yangzhou And Taizhou In Jiangsu Province

Theories of urban-rural integration and achievements of New Rural Construction were reviewed inthe first part of this thesis. By analyzing the current status and factors influencing New Rural Constructionin Yangzhou and Taizhou area (Jiangsu provence, China), evaluation index system of the New RuralConstruction was built in this study. According to a series of investigation methods, like surveys, visiting,interviews, as well as quantitative and qualitative analysis of1082valid and reliable questionnaires, thepattern of understanding and evaluating of New Rural Construction by farmers and village cadres wasproposed. Further, the difficulties during implementing the New Rural Construction and related reasonswere discussed. Additionally it was worth to note that the influence from individual farmers and theirfamilies to the New Rural Construction was also investigated in the research. Generally, in the case ofagriculture-based (especially flowers and trees) village of Henggou and industry-based village ofZhangwan, experiences and achievements of New Rural Construction were summarized. Moreover,considering the dominant role of farmers, village cadres, government as well as their combination, somerecommendations on policy establishment of the New Rural Construction in the regions of Yangzhou andTaizhou were proposed. The main achievements in this study were summarized here.1. Farmers’ perspective: Farmers have very rational understanding on the topic of New RuralConstruction with its own characteristics. They generally believe that production development and well-offlife are the most important and should be given priority to develop. Then the clean environment anddemocratic management could be in the second place. Lastly, the rural civilization should be developed. Intheir opinion, what is important and unsatisfactory is not necessary to be improved in the first place. Thedemand on the development of the living facilities is higher than that of the production facilities for thefarmers, and the demand on the improvement of public products is higher than that of their private realestate. The main investment of the New Rural Construction is from the community and government.Farmers are willing to provide contributions by themselves.For agricultural production,speed up land transfer, increase the agriculture production scale, improvethe Non-agricultural degree of peasants. Peasants mainly work in the secondary industry andtertiary-industry, they have a Unequivocal attitude of land transfer. If having living guarantee, most ofthem will be willing to give up farming and live in the city. The cost of labor force and land in the small-scaled household industry is high and the price of employee in the village is high, too.Farmers expect the government puts more effort into farmer preferential treatment and the basicallowance can be implemented. Farmers are satisfied with the condition of industry infrastructure, such aswater conservancy and electrical power. They have a strong demand for operative technology. They alsohope to get more scientific and technical training and are willing to pay for it. The ratio of farmers whotake part in the cooperative association is not high. The agriculture information channel is not fully utilize.Now the information mainly relies on TV, notice and meeting while the usage of internet to getinformation is rare. In the village, women and the old are the main force of working, the ratio of newbornfarmers is low and instable. As the benefit of agriculture is low, common farmer are not interested infarming. The agriculture production factors tend strongly toward non-agricultural degree. The input offarmers are mainly in commerce and industry while not in agriculture, which means farmers now are not willing to work as a farmer.For the farmers’ life, farmers now have a High satisfaction with their life and the quality of the lifehas been improved. As the income of farmers increases, the family physical assets diversifies. Coveringsurface of durable consumer goods, tap water and clean energy becomes larger. The mainly familyexpenditure and pressure of farmers come from education cost and current cost, while the cost ofproduction goods accounts for very small proportion of5.8%. The mainly proportion of farmers who joininsurance is not high and the satisfaction of them to the reimbursement of medical fees is low. The mainfactors of becoming rich are known as doing business, doing work for others in the city, getting techniqueand being diligent. However, in the flowers and trees-oriented village of Henggou, many peasants thinklarge plantation family is also the reason of becoming rich while illness, lacking labor force, lackingbusiness force and lacking Out-migrant for work are also reasons of becoming poor. As a result, peasantshope local government and grass-roots cadres can lead to become rich.For the rural custom civilization, peasants don’t pay much attention to local custom civilization andthey don’t have a profound understanding of it, but they scream for strengthening cultural and recreationalfacilities and carrying out the interrelated activities. In the country, peasants have little cultural activitiesand facilities, so watching TV, playing cards and chatting with each other become the main way to spendthe leisure time. They get on well with their neighbors and have good public order. However, gamble andsuperstitious activity, spivery, paying no attention to hygiene and tense relations between rural cadres andthe masses still exist and some are even very serious.For the democracy clean and tidy, the requirements to improve the village appearance andenvironmental sanitation will of the farmer are very strong. The garbage, river dredging and small factorypollution are the urget problems which need to be solved, the old dilapidated buildings, the toilet barns andadjustment of the layout of the village, which the farmers thought are very important but not the urgentthings that need to be improved. The demand of the living facilities is higher than that of the productionfacilities for the farmers, the demand on public products is h For then that of their rebuilding, strongdemand to improve the village road, traffic and street lamp, the tap water (especially water) and activityrooms also have certain requirements.On democratic management, the democratic awareness of the farmers is improving, but the individualdifferences are also larger. Farmers concern on democratic management of a higher degree, the democraticmanagement ranks infourth place in the new rural construction of five major contents in order ofimportance. The peasants evaluate not high in the village democratic elections, decision-making,management, and village affairs and "thing" implementation of the system. Not knowing much about thegrass-roots cadres, the farmers above40years old agree more to the village cadres, but the young peopleevaluate lower.Individual farmers and families features have an influence on new rural construction of cognition,intention and evaluation. Male, middle-aged, high school culture, employment in the third industry,household income in4-6yuan and from industrial demonstration village of farmers, their cognition andevaluation is relatively high; the other is relatively low, and showing a non regular changes. Through theestablishment of Logit model, the influence factors of the new rural construction farmers willingness ofincome growth, in education and training, someone at work, life satisfaction, satisfaction of village cadresand participate in cooperative organizations etc.. The farmers who participate in cooperative organizationsand the willingness of its investment, labor and new technology must pay the cost negatively.2. Based on the perspective of typical village. Research on Industrial dominant village Zhang Wanand flowers and efficient agriculture leading village Heng Gou shows that although the mode and path for the poor village on the road to prosperity of new rural construction are different, its development still hascommon characteristics. These characteristics contain hard-working, dare be a person first pioneeringspirit, seizing and making full use of opportunities and policy development, playing the lead role of localpeople. The mining of local resources, establish and breeding dominant industry, and the implementationof industrial agglomeration, are the keys for the rural development, for farmers to get rich, and still it is thekey to promote the construction of New Rural Construction. At the same time, Flowers and trees andindustry oriented, two typical village and census village comparative study shows,the farmers of differenttypes show greater difference in cognitive and behavior of to new rural construction.The cognition degreeand investment will of the demonstration village farmers are significantly higher than the census village;demand for rural wind civilization, democracy management demonstration village farmers is relativelyhigh, and the clean and tidy village demand is relatively low; the demonstration village farmers willing topay a higher proportion than census village.3. Based on the perspective of village cadres.There are many problems and difficulties when we aredoing the construction of the new countryside. Farmers’ cognition is not deep, their participation is nothigh. The main force construction is in the countryside. The new point of growth that can be helped toincrease the farmers’ income is hard to find or commit. The development thinking of the production isquite narrow, the main industry is quite “short”. The agricultural interior tapping is difficult. The degree ofthe industrialization of agriculture, as well as efficient agriculture and the value-added agriculturalproducts is needed to improve. The spaces of the development of the farmers’ salary income and theincome from household business are limited, the entrepreneurship and the further transformation of thefarmers are difficult. The village collective economy is weak and the comprehensive quality of the villagecadres is not high. The money is lacked on fixing the basic living facilities and the cultural facilities, thehealth and environmental remediation. The current land system controls the structural adjustment inplanning. There is a great discrepancy between the rural social security, medical treatment, insurance andthe requirements of urban-rural equalization. The social service and the human capital can’t satisfy theconstruction of the new countryside.The empirical studies shows that the new rural construction needs to strengthen the main building ofprotagonist, mobilize the enthusiasm of the body to maximize effectiveness, and to tap local resources andcultivate leading industries, to enhance the strength of the local economy, and to co-ordinate urban andrural areas, within rural areas, the first second and third industries, production development and protectingthe environment, farmers’ income growth and spiritual civilization, politics and civilization, to achievesustainable development of fairness and efficiency. It also needs to nurture new farmers, rich humancapital in rural areas. The new rural construction is as a huge project that requires long-term unremittingefforts.