A Study On US Technology Policies And Its Effect

For a long time, enterprise is the main body of science and technologyinnovation in developed countries, however, the government’s policy play animportant role in promoting the scientific and technological progress.The United States is the comprehensive country in the world for the scienceand technology. The United States constantly improve the level of the science andtechnology decision. The United States made science and technology policy earlierin the world, and has a perfect policy system. Since the founding, science andtechnology policy has always been important in the United States. This paper isbased on the concept, the main tools and targets of science and technology policy.This paper focus on the science and technology policy and the policy of science andtechnology in the field of science and technology, economy and society have adifferent effect in the United States.As a big developing country, the market gradually opened in our country sincereform and opening up. The basic policy of science and technology of striving to getthe technology of developed countries has hindered the development of oursocio-economic development. At present, the ability of science and technologyindependent innovation is weak in our country, especially original innovation. Anumber of important patent needs to import from overseas.So, in the new period,we have put forward setting up and perfecting the new system to encourage originalinnovation, integrated innovation. Perfect the mechanism in the import. Improve themechanism of technological innovation. We should make the market play a role ontechnology research and development direction, route selection, the factors of price,the guiding role of all kinds of innovative elements configuration. In thisbackground, this thesis make science and technology policy in the United States asobject of study of China, not only because of the science and technology policysystem is perfect in the United States,scientific and technological level leadsposition in the world, due to all of these would be excellent reference for our countries technology policies.The main content of this paper is divided into the following eight chapters:Chapter1is an introduction. This chapter illuminates the paper topic，background, significance and the theoretical and practical significance of the paper,and classifies the literature of domestic and foreign technology policy and theeffect. In view of the current research trend both at home and abroad, this chapter isestablished a research emphasis, introduced the main content of the thesis and themethod. This chapter paper summarizes the innovation, at the same time, points outthe shortage of this thesis research.Chapter2is a general analysis of science and technology policy. Through thesummary of existing research literature, this chapter defines the meaning of scienceand technology policy from two aspects of broad sense and narrow sense. Broadsense play is the system of science and technology policy that take a country’sscience and technology innovation system as the goal. Through promotion andnon-technical development outside of the content, with diversified forms ofdevelopment as the goal, they develop of the country’s science and technologysystem. Special science and technology policy contains three meanings: strengthenthe basic research, support the applied research in mainly field and promote theproduct market. In addition, this chapter also classifies and summaries the main tooland main objectives of science and technology policy.Chapter3is related to the basic theory analysis. This chapter is the paper’stheoretical basis. This chapter reviews the science and technology policy relatedtheories from the angle of economics, including: Market failure theory,Public policytheory,System economics theory and Schumpeter innovation theory.Chapter4is about American policy framework and the historical evolution ofscience and technology. The chapter is the basis of this paper. Government investson the basis of the science and technology framework such as tax policy, intellectualproperty rights protection policy of science and technology and technologyinnovation and industrialization policy. This chapter expounds the historicalevolution of science and technology policy in the United States. The history of thescience and technology policy in U.S. has experienced free developed before the second world war, during the second world war to military objective orientation, theall-round development of the cold war, science and technology to economy after theend of the cold war and committed to economic competition in the new century.America successfully implemented export-oriented national innovation system andthe effective policy of science and technology management system, fully integratedinto the global science and technology developing.Chapter5is science and technology policy made a high level of output ofscience and technology in the United States. This chapter is one of the core for thepaper, analyzes the science and technology policy effect in the field of science andtechnology. America has achieved the output quantity and quality of science andtechnology achievement is outstanding, level of science and technology in the worldis at leading position, quantity and quality of the patent, Nobel Prize field getremarkable achievements. The key to success of U.S. science and technology isadvantageous to the innovation of financial market mechanism; the governmentpromulgated a series of laws, formulate and implement corresponding policies andmeasures to promote the transformation of scientific and technologicalachievements, realize production-teaching-research combination; Keep sustainableand stable development of the basic research as the root of the nationalcompetitiveness.Chapter6is Science and technology policy provides strong technical support forthe economic development. This chapter is also one of the core content of paper.Thischapter analyzes the effect of science and technology policy in the U.S. economy.The successive governments in United States have to strengthen the high-techindustry development as the dominant force to promote the growth of the economyand the effective ways to enhance the national competitiveness. High and newtechnology industry becomes the main force to promote the development of theeconomy, and make great contribution on promoting the upgrading of industrialstructure and economic growth. Reasonable and effective configuration of R&Dproject is also the focus of the U.S. policy of science and technology, in order tomake the federal government laboratories and universities for R&D projectinvention of advanced scientific and technological achievements transfer to the society, the federal government passed a series of technological change andinnovation policy. In addition, the power enterprises as the basis of keeping the U.S.economy alleviate the economic pressure and eject momentum of creativity,competitiveness and openness of market momentum.Chapter7is Science and technology policy optimizes the social and economicenvironment. This chapter is also one of the core content of paper. This chapteranalyzes the science and technology policy effect in the United States social scope.Sustained and effective policy of science and technology maintains and consolidatesthe United States leading position of the scientific and technological innovation inthe world, and bring the fundamental guarantee to the development of the Americansociety, and maintain absolute superiority in the world economy in the United States.Start from the interests of the state, emphasis on science and technology service,ensure the advanced nature in the field of science, technology and innovation.Although the President of the United States policy proposals vary, however,America’s science and technology innovation has a strong continuity, its developingtrend and basic situation remained stable, safeguard the social stability and orderlyeconomic development.Chapter8draw lessons from American experience, consummates our countryscience and technology policy. This chapter introduces the development of scienceand technology policy in our country, and make evaluation, throughout all previouspolicy of science and technology in China, due to the change of the policybackground and social environment, make the policy problems and limitations ofdifferent level. Science and technology policy in China should be based on thecurrent reality of development of science and technology. From science andtechnology policy in the United States is worthy of reference for our country factorsof inducing and summarizing, we should draw lessons from the market competition,the training mechanism, commercialization of scientific and technologicalachievements, etc.