Research On The Efficiency And Its Influencing Factors Of Port Enterprises Based On The Competitive And Cooperation Scenarios

With the acceleration of economy globalization and the rapid development of international trade, the status and role of ports have become increasingly important. With the changes of the external environment (such as economic, social, institutional environment, etc.), ports are also undergoing tremendous changes:1) the port industry is undergoing rapid development. Ports have invested heavily in infrastructures and so on in order to expand market share.2) The status of China’s ports has been rising. Some ports of Chinese mainland have included in world’s top ten ports according to the throughput of freights and containers.3) With the reform of administrative system and ownership structure of port industry and the introducing of market mechanisms and joint-stock in port industry, the ownership structure of port industry has transformed into a mixed ownership structure from a single state-owned structure, the process of corporatization of port industry have been accelerating, and more and more ports have becoming the listed companies.These changes of port industry bring increasing fierce competition to port enterprises. Meanwhile, governments, the industry management department, the manager of enterprise and scholars have begun to realize the importance of cooperation among port enterprises facing the negative effects of the fierce competition. The cooperation among port enterprises has gradually become a reality.The competition and cooperation affect heavily the operational efficiency of enterprise from the perspective of economics. Thus, there are important theoretical and practical significances for operatingl efficiency of enterprise to scientifically and reasonably measure the operational efficiency in the competition and cooperation scenarios and research the relationship between operational efficiency and its influencing factors.This paper employed traditional DEA methodology and DEA based on non-cooperative game and cooperative game theory to measure the operational efficiency in the independent scenarios, competition scenarios and cooperative scenarios respectively. Then we employed panel data econometric model to analyze the relationship between operational efficiency and its influencing factors. The main results of this paper are as follows:(1) From the views of self-evaluation and mutual-evaluation:firstly, overall, the operating efficiency scores of port enterprises are relatively high. However, the efficiency scores of different enterprises are disparity. The efficiency scores of some enterprises are relatively higher, and the scores of other enterprises are relatively lower; secondly, there are three disciplines of the efficiency scores of enterprises:1) the efficiency scores are optimal firstly, then decrease and increase again;2) the efficiency scores are low firstly, then increase and are optimal finally;3) the efficiency scores remain stable, and are optimal. On the other hand, there are three disciplines of the return to scale of enterprises:1) the return to scale of some enterprises is constant firstly, and then decrease;2) the return to scale of some enterprises increases firstly, and then is constant, and decrease finally;3) the return to scale increases constantly; thirdly, from the views of mutual-evaluation, the methodology of traditional cross-efficiency solves the problem of the traditional DEA that cannot rank the DMUs completely, however, the scores of cross-efficiency are generally low, and the result indicates that the operations of most enterprises are inefficiency; finally, the weights of inputs and outputs the methodologies of traditional DEA and cross-efficiency are not rational.(2) The main results of efficiency evaluation based on competition scenarios are as follows:1) the scores of game cross-efficiency of enterprises are higher than traditional cross-efficiency but lower than the CCR model, and overall, the scores of game cross-efficiency of most enterprises are high and fluctuate, and the gap of scores of game cross-efficiency among enterprises is narrowing. These results indicate that the competition improves the operating efficiency of port enterprises;2) the scores of game cross-efficiency of enterprises that locate in same area are largely difference because of their own characteristics and the environment;3) the results of rank of the methodologies of traditional cross-efficiency and game cross-efficiency are different. The game cross-efficiency improves the traditional cross-efficiency, thus the ranks of game cross-efficiency are more credible.(3) The main results of efficiency evaluation based on cooperation countermeasure are as follows:1) the Shapley values of all enterprises meet collective rationality and individual rationality, and this result guarantees the rationality of the alliance;2) the scores of cooperative game cross-efficiency are higher than the scores of traditional cross-efficiency and lower than the scores of CCR model, but are closer to the scores of CCR model. Thus cooperation greatly improves operating efficiency of port enterprises. However, the scores of enterprises and their changes are different in cooperation because of some reasons;3) the results of rank of the methodologies of traditional cross-efficiency and cooperative game cross-efficiency are different. The score of cooperative game cross-efficiency is calculated by cooperating among enterprises which is different with the score of traditional cross-efficiency that is calculated by meaning scores of all DMUs. Thus enterprises more willing to accept the evaluation results of cooperative game cross-efficiency(4) There is long-term equilibrium relationship between the influencing factors and operating efficiency. The ratio of state-owned shares, debt asset ratio and operating costs ratio is negatively related to the operating efficiency respectively, and size of enterprise, ratio of outside directors and the quality of employees is positively related to operating efficiency respectively in long-term and short-term. Moreover, the results of Panel error correction model guarantee the stability of long-term equilibrium relationship between the influencing factors and operating efficiency.Finally, we proposed countermeasures to promote the operational efficiency of port enterprises based on above research results.