The End Of Managerialist Government Model

Developing socialist democracy is an important aim proposed on the 16th National Party Congress. And building state administrative system with Chinese characteristics is an important part of socialist politics with Chinese characteristics. As a result, researching issues of government model with Chinese characteristics is of great political and theoretical importance obviously.The paper focuses on the government model, which is changing from manager adminstration to service adminstration. Along with the develop of the whole world's reform movement and the research in public administration, the issue of the change in the government model has been a hotspot in the science of public administration in recent years. At the same time, the practices on the governmental reform are innovating and exercising all kinds of government models. Accordingly, researching issues of government model change is of practical importance.Guided by political theory of Marxism and Deng Xiaoping's doctrine of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, this paper mainly uses method of combining theoretical analysis and practical analysis, domestic analysis and overseas analysis. It systematically and profoundly explains and probes the theory basis, background, main content, running model, shortage, change in structure of the managerialist government model. This paper also puts forward some arguments of originality and creativeness to some degree on the rising service adminstration.The whole paper contains three parts. They are introduction, main body and epilogue.The introduction is the first part of this paper. It briefly explains this study's theme by reviewing the history of government model. On this base, it clarifies the method, structure and aim of the study. The analysis frame of the introduction is the theory of"three stages"advanced by Prof. Zhang Kangzhi in his book"Exploring the Ethics'View for the Public Administration". Prof. Zhang points out that"the three stages"are ruler adminstration prevailed in slave society and feudal society, manager adminstration characteristic of bureaucracy designed by Max Weber, service adminstration rising along with public management extending its practice area and the idea of governace being accepted gradually. This paper's aim is to build a new government model embodying the spirit of public administration by discussing the end of the managerialist government model. Though managerialism practices efficiently, it is far away from the spirit of public administration. The spirit of public administration is public service, which is the foundation of the theory"service adminstration". As a result, this paper tries to build a new government model, i.e. service adminstration, and propose a new governace idea, i.e. the idea of administration with morality characteristic of"equity first, efficiency second".Chapter one to six makes the second part of this paper. They describe, analyze and criticize the theory basis and practical character of the managerialist government model. Then they analyze theoretical foundation of service adminstration, design the government function of service adminstration and propose the basic frame and main content of service adminstration with Chinese characteristics. This part is the main body of the paper.Chapter one analyzes theory basis of the managerialist government model. It clarifies the difference and relation between management, managerialism and the managerialist government model by analyzing these three concepts. It points out that, management exists in all governments, managerialism is an institution, and the managerialist government model is a type of government. As far as contribution to the theory of the managerialist government model was concerned, Woodrow Wilson proposed the necessity and possibility of dividing administration from politics, which provided a basic principle for the managerialist government model; Frank J. Goodnow clarifyed the complicated relationship between politics and administration; Max Weber designed the bureaucratic system for the managerialist government model.The paper analyzes the practical characters of the managerialist government model in chapter two. Guided by historical materialism, it summarizes from the angle of history the history incidents in the emergence of the managerialist government model, namely the emergence of"administration nation", the development of"civil servants system"reform movement and the influence of scientific management campaign. It also analyzes the deep-seated causes of the emergence of the managerialist government model, such as politics, economy, civilization, law and science. After the history review, it summarizes the basic character of the managerialist government model for"instrument rationality", and analyses the managerialist government model from the three aspects, namely organization structure, power structure and administrative personnels.Chapter three rationally criticizes the managerialist government model from practice and theory. As a once efficient and still prevailing government model, managerialist government model has been criticized by theory and practice since it came into the world. Theoretically speaking, the challenge to the managerialist government model was the theory of"new public administration", which criticized the managerialist government on the aspects as follows: 1) advocating social justice andsocial equity; 2) advocating reformational public administration; 3) advocating to construct a new governmental organization; 4) advocating the"public"attribute of government administration; 5) Advocating"democratic administration", which being regarded as the"academic recognition system"of new public administration. Efficiency is the most important thing in the managerialist government model, which has been denounced widely. Seeing from practice, the theory of bureaucratic system also is faced with the difficult position, even if it has been brilliant once. The emergence of knowledge economy has made a huge crisis for managerialist government model.Chapter four discusses several theories about building the new government model. These theories include: the minimal state theory, the theory of reinventing government, B. Guy Peters'four governing models theory and the theory of deregulating the pulic sector of government. This paper analyzes the application in the public administration practice of these theories with the method of positive analysis. Through comparative analysis, it regards western government reform as practice of building a new government model. Public management can be regarded as the structure change of the managerialist government model, because the public management model is essentially a change from bureaucracy to post-bureaucracy, which embody: 1) from power-worshipped to service-upheld; 2) from efficiency first to balance between equity and efficiency; 3) from monopolizing public management to emphasizing public policy making and supervising; 4) the production of public service: from monopolization to competition; 5) from control to conscious loyalty to the regulations; 6) from the bureaucrat management to the community management itself; 7) the government: from the bureaucrat-driven to customer-driven; 8) management: from centralization to separation. By analyzing, this paper thinks that the public management itself has double dimensions. On the one hand,"instrument rationality"is still an umbilical cord which links public management model with its"mother's body". On the other hand, as a new government model, the public management is different from its"mother", which is the"public service"spirit that runs through in the public management model.Chapter five designs the service administration model from theory and practice. With the interdisplinary research method, this paper has concluded the theory basis of service administration model from three aspects, namely"the angle of view of political science: theory of democratic administration","the angle of view of administrative law: service of administration action"and"the angle of view of ethics: justice is the sprit of service adminstration". It argues that the concept premise of service administration model depends on that the ideas of the service administration model should change, namely transformation the all-powerful administration concept to the limited administration concept, transformation the compelling administration concept to the leading administration concept, transformation the"black-box"administration to the open-door administration, the standard for government performance: from quantity expansion to the public be satisfied. As far as China is concerned, we must banish official-oriented concept firstly, and then we could really transform manager adminstration to service adminstration. It analyzes and concludes the characters of the subjects of service adminstration model from these aspects as follows:"the role of public service organization and its personnel","flatization of the public service organization","the anisomerous information in public service organization"and"social autonomy organization and political conformity in open society". It also designs the function of service administration model from the practical angle, and points out that the direction of government function design should be serving. Accordingly, the customer of government must be firstly made clear. At the same time, this paper discusses how the government function serviceizate.Chapter six tries to build the service administration with Chinese characteristics. The basic characters of traditional administration model of our country are as follows: 1) the authority administration that takes the government as the center; 2) the all-powerful administration; 3) the controlling administration; 4) the"black-box"administration; 5) the experience administration; 6) "efficiency administration". It analyzes the malady of this model, and thinks that our country's administration model is transforming with social transformation. The administration transformation includes these aspects as follows: 1) from the all-powerful administration to the limited administration; 2) from the controlling administration to service adminstration; 3) from the the power administration to the democracy administration; 4) from administration by men to administration by law; 5) from the experience administration to the science administration; 6) from the"black-box"administration to the open-door administration; 7) from the non-responsible administration to the responsible administration. This paper analyzes inevitability and necessity of administration with morality, and puts forward some constructive opinions such as"constructing administration civilization and modeling the administration personality","strengthening the administrative moral construction with both morality and law".The end of the paper is the third part. According to the history stage of government model in modern China, it thinks that our country is still in the inadequate stage of bureaucratization, thus we are facing the double assignments on the problem of bureaucratic system: learning and surmounting. Our aim is to build the service administration model and administer with morality.