Policy Research On Balanced Distribution Of Teachers In Regional Compulsory Education

By the end of 2000,China has basically achieved the goal of popularizing nine-year compulsory education.But there are still many problems.One of the promient problem is the uneven development of compulsory education.Between districts, betwe-en urban and rural areas,and inter-schools,there are still large gaps in school facil-ities,management,teachers,etc.It is crucial to balance allocation of educational resour-ces for closing the education gap and promoting the balanced development of compu-lsory education.In a variety of educational resources,teachers is the fundamental guar-antee for improving the quality and level of education.Therefore,it is priority to ens-ure the balanced distribution of teachers for providing "well-qualified compulsory education" for the masses and promoting the balanced development of compulsory education.Just basing on the above realities and future trends of compulsory education,this essay takes the county-level administrative region as the research unit and researches the problem of balanced distribution of teachers in compulsory education between urb-an and rural areas and inter-schools from the perspective of education policy. So that it can promote the balanced development of education.This essay closely links to three main aspects such as problem,causes and solutions,and expands the research by the following logical structure:theoretical groundwork,problem analysis,cause analysis, and strategies exploration.Accordingly,this essay includes the following contents:In the introduction,the author indicates that unbalanced distribution of teachers is the key factor of constrainting balanced development of compulsory education and defines the research object and scope.By analyzing the status of balanced distribution of teachers in domestic and international researches,it clarifies the problems to be researched and breakthroughs.This section also defines a few basic concepts and intro-duces the idea,methods and significance of the research.Chapter one makes a rational thinking on the policy of balanced distribution of tea-chers in regional compulsory education.This chapter makes in-depth analysis and rational thinking on several basic problems with intrinsic association such as value appeal,realistic basis and policy implication of regional strategy in the policy of balanced distribution of teachers.The policy of balanced distribution of teachers should adhere to two basic principles of value as "a unified and coordinated develop-ment between between urban and rural areas"and "supporting the weak and promti-ng the strong inter-schools".From a practical point of view,there are relatively solid foundation in policies and laws,education and practice for balanced distribution of teachers in regional compulsory education.we need correctly understand and handle the relationships between the central and local government,the whole and part,the similarities and differences during the making and implementation of policy of balan-ced distribution of teachers,and make and implement targeted policies conditionally and creatively.Chapter two analyzes the policy problem of balanced distribution of teachers in regional compulsory education.This chapter analyzes the content and features,the grim reality and adverse effects of the policy problems of balanced distribution of teachers. It is an educational problem which is based on the concept of balanced development of compulsory education and the objective situation of teachers'distribution between urban and rural areas,and between schools,whose aim is to eliminate the uncoordinat-ed status of teachers'distribution caused from the conflicts in educational interests,va-lues,educational specifications as well as the future demand for development of com-pulsory education,and which is to be identified and solved by the government and its educational administration department.The problem has four features as subjective,co-rrelative, historical and educational.From the practical point of view, there exist serio-us problems as unbalanced distribution of teachers in quantity and quality and unreas-onable teacher structure.The existence of problems brings a lot of adverse effects to the development of compulsory,school,teacher and student.Chapter three analyzes the causes for policy problems of balanced distribution of teachers in regional compulsory education.This chapter builds up an analysis framewo-rk for the policy problem, and then analyzes the causes of unbalanced distribution of teachers from two perspectives as management and treatment of teacher.The unbalanc-ed distribution of teachers is caused by a series of objective reasons.In summary,the main reasons exist in the two aspects:the management of teacher and the treatment of teacher. In terms of the management of teacher,the deficiensies of shortages in teacher employment system,qualification system and training system are the main reasons causing the unbalanced distribution of techers between urban and rural areas and inter-schools. Interms of treatment of teacher,the low treatment and big gap in the aspects as the social status,salary,professional right and welfare of the teacher are the major reasons for the unbalanced distribution of teachers in regional compulsory education.Chapter four summarizes and analyzes policy experiences of balanced distribution of teachers abroad in compulsory education.This chapter analyzes the factors,main me-asures and some inspiration of policy for balanced distribution of teachers in compul-sory education abroad.The making and implementation of policy for balanced distrib-ution of teachers are influenced by times,politics,economy,culture and education.In order to solve the problem of unbalanced distribution of teachers,the foreign countries maily adopt five different kinds of policies:order,incentive,capacity building,reorgani-zation of authority and suasion. Overseas experiences tells us that policy for balance-d distribution of teachers should be scientific,systematic and matching if it is to be ef-fective.Chapter five makes several policy recommendations for balanced distribution of te-achers.This chapter proposes a number of policy recommendations for balanced distr-ibution of teachers by reforming and improving the policy of the management and tre-atment of teacher.From the perspective of management policy of teacher,we can take the following policy measures:improving the teacher qualification system to control the gap between teachers at the beginning;strengthening the management of teacher preparation to configure the teacher preparation standards reasonably;improving the professional level of teachers in-service to narrow the gap between teachers gradually; promoting the rational flow of teachers actively and steadily to perfect the structure of teachers increasing the supervision and inspection to improming the effectiveness of teaching staff building. From the perspective of treatment policy of teacher,we can take following policy measures:creating a good environment to establish respect fro teachers in society;increasing salary to enhance attractiveness of teaching profession; innovating the teacher professional development mechanism to create a thick atmos-phere for competition,learning,pursuit and transcending;implementing "positive dis-crimination" policies to improve the teahers'welfare. The epilogue makes an overall summary and reflection on this research,and point-s out that the goal of policy for balanced distribution can not be achieved overnight. However,as long as we take measures practically and step by step,we could narrow the gap of teachers between urban and rural areas and inter-schools.