The Comparative Research On Chinese And Vietnamese Directional Complement

The purpose of this paper is to find out the similarities and differences bet ween Chinese and Vietnamese. Therefore, the thesis is mainly divided into 3 parts: 1) To introduce the concept of Chinese predicate-complement structure as well as directional complement and the related research status of directional complements in Chinese and Vietnamese; 2) To describe, compare, and analyze the directional and consequential meaning, illustrated in several Chinese directional complements “来(come)”, “去(go)”, "上(up)" group ", 下(down)" group ", 过(pass)" group, and the counterparts in Vietnamese “l?i/??n/t?i( 来) ” 、 “?i( 去) ” 、 “lên( 上) ” 、 “xu?ng( 下) ” 、“qua/sang(过)”; 3) To conduct studies to compare the elements of the directional meaning in Chinese and Vietnamese, from the aspects of collocation, structure, etc.In this paper, the research mainly contains three aspects, namely semantics, structure and collocation in which the above-mentioned Chinese words and Vietnamese words have some corresponding points.Though the Chinese "V+来" and "V+去" structures have many similarities with the corresponding Vietnamese expression, in semantics and grammar, there are still some differences which are more complicated, "V+来" and "V+去” can also represent the directional displacement of motion. The former means approaching the foothold, while the latter means leaving the foothold and moving toward another target. The corresponding structures “V+l?i/??n/t?i” and “V+?i” in Vietnamese lay emphasis on the motion direction, ignoring the foothold of the motion. So, it is uncertain to distinguish whether it is approaching the foothold or leaving it. Therefore, it is necessary to use other vocabulary to determine the foothold of motion. When the two languages have no corresponding expression, it is common that the directional verbs “来(come)”, “去(go)” are often omitted in translation from Chinese to Vietnamese. Whether the front verb is single-directional or multidirectional is the main basis of the translation omission. The relationship between “来(come)” and “去(go)” is not one-to-one but one-to-many, so a specific sentence needs to be carefully translated.In the Chinese"上(up)"group,when“上来(come up),“上去(go up)”are used without locative objects,the Vietnamese directional verbs can be followed by the demonstrative pronouns“lên(上)”and“?ay(这儿)”、“??y/?ó(那儿)”correspondingly.“lên?ay(上这儿)”represents the speaker is on a high place,corresponding to"上来(come up)"in Chinese;On the contrary,“lên??y/?ó(上那儿)”represents the speaker is on a lower place,corresponding to the Chinese"上去(go up)".In the Chinese"下(down)"group,when“下来(come down)”,“下去(go down)”are used without locative objects,the Vietnamese directional verbs can be followed by the demonstrative pronouns“xu?ng(下)”and“?ay(这儿)”、“??y/?ó(那儿)”correspondingly.“?ay(这儿)”、“??y/?ó(那儿)”.“xu?ng?ay(下这儿)”represents the speaker is on a lower place,corresponding to"下来(come down)"in Chinese;on the contrary,“xu?ng??y/?ó(下那儿)”represents the speaker is on a high place,corresponding to the Chinese"下去(go down)".In Chinese,"V+过"structure represents approaching another location through something.The foothold can be the original position or where you approach."过去(go there)"suggests the former situation and"过来(come here)"suggests the latter one.The corresponding expression in Vietnamese is“qua(过)”or“sang(过)”.When it refers to the foothold,the Vietnamese demonstrative pronouns“?ay(这儿)”(here),“??y/?ó(那儿)”(there)can correspondingly represent“过来(come here)”,“过去(go there)”in Chinese.For the learners who take Chinese as a second language, it is inevitable to cause errors and omissions in the process of learning and using directional complements. The key is to take effective measures to correct the errors, so that the students can gradually get close to the target language.