A Study On Basic Public Services During The People’s Communes

Basic public services in rural areas refer to the government, social organizations and public groups collectively providing for the majority of farmers, which ensures the agricultural production satisfying the basic needs of peasants’life when they fairly and universally consume the public goods or public services. In the period of People’s commune, relying on the rural collective economy and supplying the necessary inputs of the state and farmers participating, collectives and farmers together provide a rural agricultural production of basic public services, as well as education, cooperative medical care, social security. It has enriched and developed Marxism rural communes of thought, the party and the state in specific historical conditions, that is the road of socialist construction, a useful exploration of distinctive characteristics, but also, there are deficiencies. With the disintegration of people’s communes, although the design of these systems becoming no longer exist, it is still a very important revelation for today’s new socialist countryside construction.To start this article I searches the treasure-house of Chinese and foreign ideas and on the basic of this I analyses the the theory of origin of the basic public services in rural people’s commune period, and then trace the development of basic public services in rural areas evolution in China’s long history. After these I spread them in particular to study the basic public services of agricultural production, rural education, rural cooperative medical care, rural social security and other major basic public services during the time of people’s communes; Finally,I draw a conculsion of basic public services in rural areas from the level of macroscopic during the study concluded, a assessment of its nature and function from overall, and a analysis of its main features, limitations, as well as some inspiration about how to construct today’s new socialist countryside, how to establish and improve the basic public services in rural areas and how to make these factors become equal.The first chapter is the Introduction. Putting forward the reason of the topics and analysing of theoretical and practical significance of the topics, giving an overview of the status Home and abroad research relevant to the concepts, this paper puts forward ideas, frameworks and methods, and makes some explanations of this study’s focus, difficulties, innovations and weakness.The second chapter mainly analyzes the theoretical origin of the basic public services in rural people’s commune.That is the social theory of European utopian, Marxism communism,and rural communes,the Soviet Unions’s construction theory (mainly about Lennie’s agricultural communes theory, co-operative theory, Stalin’s theory of collectivization agriculture),Chinese traditional thinking(mainly about the people’s thought of the ideology, common thought of this ideology, equality thought of this ideology) and so on.The third chapter mainly dates back to the history of evolutions of basic public services in rural areas,which is from a feudal dynasty’s basic public services, to the Republic of China’s(including the Rural Reconstruction Movement, the National Government’s rural cooperative movement, and Construction of the Communist’s revolutionary base in countryside).It briefly describles the history of the basic public services in rural areas of China and combines with the international and domestic situation faced by the early foundation of China to analyse times background of the rural basic public services during people’s communes.The forth chapter focusing on "agricultural eight-point Constitution", demonstrates and evaluates that our country, team, and farmers all work hard to provide basic public services for agricultural production in that time. That contains to control rivers, lakes and seas, to develop water conservancy projects, to improve land and reduce soil erosion, to prompt agricultural mechanization and set up rural industry, to produce fertilizers, pesticides and electricity, to develop agricultural science and technology, to establish the extension of services system, to provide agricultural meteorological services, to construct rural roads, and to develop telecommunications industry and so on.The fifth chapter focuses on the rural education and culture in the people’s commune era. On the basic of rural education’ evolution in the history. I discuss them in three areas which are basic education, literacy and amateur education, vocational education to evaluate the. issues on their own system, educational content, forms of education, as well as private teachers, which conduct an overall assessment of education in rural areas respectively.The sixth chapter concerns about medical and health policy which are "for the workers, peasants," "prevention comes first", "unite Chinese and Western medicine," to demonstrate the cooperative medical care in rural during the time of people’s communes. These mainly include:the history of rural cooperative medical care and organization system and team-building,as well as the content of the main service in the people’s commune era. Finally, I analyze the active role and limitations of rural cooperative medical care.The seventh chapter demonstrates social security which is mainly guaranteed by the state, supplemented by rural during the time of people’s communes in detail. On the basis of the review on the historical evolution in the people’s commune era, I demonstrate the main contents and methods about Rural Social Security including the rural community special care, famine relief, poverty relief, "households enjoying five guarantees" support, special staff relief, etc.The eighth chapter demonstrates the characteristics and problems of basic public services in rural areas in People’s Commune period from the macro-level and its impact on the current construction of new rural construction.Finally, I end up with the concluding remarks.