The Rural Development Theory Of Marxism And The Construction Of New Socialist Countryside

The third plenary session of thel8th Communist Party of China stressed:"The systems and mechanisms must be improved, forming a new urban and rural relationship of workers and farmers, with industry promoting agriculture, the city leading the country, reciprocity of workers and farmers, and urban and rural integration, let farmers equally participate in the modernization process and share the achievements of modernization". This is after the strategic plan of "building a new socialist countryside" which the fifth plenary session of the16th proposed officially, the central committee of the Communist Party of China made a new deployment from the strategic height of comprehensively deepening reform to build a new socialist countryside, and also gave a new topic put forward to the academic circles."Three rural" issue as a hot issue in the process of transformation of social development in contemporary China has already caused extensive concerns of academic circles at home and abroad. Scholars from the angle of the view of development economics, political science, sociology, anthropology, history and so on, have made systemic research on the problems of agriculture and rural areas. However, few scholars put rural development issues in the research horizon of the development history of Marxism, and make systematic research in the rural development theory of Marxism and its practice. In this paper, the introduction scanning through the representative achievements about the rural development of academic circles at home and abroad, preliminarily draws the outline of the rural development theory of Marxism, and initially expounds the research train and logic framework of this article.The first chapter focusing on the point of view of the version tries to systematically combing the theory of rural development of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin. The first is about the rural development theory of Marx and Engels. This is the cornerstone of this article. Marx and Engels think that capitalism's mass production replacing the outdated small-scale production is an inevitable trend of historical development,"the reasonable way of agricultural development "is the inevitable choice of agriculture development in the industrial age; labor cooperation is the best form to protect the rights of social members, and the proletarian party can never use violence to deprive small farmers; confrontation between urban and rural areas is the outcome of the historical stage of low agricultural development level, and developing large-scale economy through cooperatives, increasing the state support of rural development, etc., are an important prerequisites to eliminate the differences between towns and countries. The second is about Lenin's theory of rural development. Lenin in the practice of exploring how economically backward countries will realize socialist, put forward the thoughts about the transformation of the small-scale peasant economy, correctly treating the interests of the individual farmers, guiding farmers onto the cooperative road, culture work among the peasants, and so on, greatly enriched the Marxist theory of rural development. The third is about the rural development theory of Stalin. Stalin in the practice of Soviet Union socialist economic construction, inherited, defended and developed the Marxist theory of rural development. However, for various subjective and objective reasons, the use of his rural development theory of Marxism to solve the problems existing in the Soviet union at that time, has a historical severe deviation, and has far-reaching negative influence on the national socialist rural construction. Standing in the new horizon of history, to re-examine the Marxist classical writers about the development and change of the rural development thoughts, we profoundly realize:rural development theories of Marxism are not out of date, and still shine with the light of truth. At the same time, we also clearly recognize that the exploration of rural development issues of Marxism is a theory-practice interactive process. This process is not only the one of the exploration in the transformation from the abstract theoretical principles of Marxism to the concrete practice, but also the one of the practice constantly enriching and developing Marxism.The second chapter using the method of combining theory with practice, tries to panoramically reappear the rural development theoretical exploration of the CPC after the founding of the new China. In view of the problems after the founding of new China, Mao Zedong put forward the thoughts such as "organized cooperative road", the "agricultural eight—word constitution","the fundamental way out for agriculture lies in mechanization" and strengthening the rural education. Over60years, in a lot of practice of both achievements and the problems of the new socialist countryside, to a certain extent, we can find the theory origin in the rural development thought of Mao Zedong. Deng Xiaoping focusing on the reality of China's rural problems, in the new period of reform and opening-up, on the basis of inheriting Mao Zedong beneficial exploration, from fully mobilizing the initiative of farmers, the realistic choice for rural poverty to get rich, the concrete thought train of agricultural development and agricultural socialism ownership structure theory, etc., innovated and developed the Marxist theory of rural development, promoting the historic changes of China's rural economic and social development. According to the periodic characteristics of rural development in China, from the political height Jiang Zemin creatively put forward the thoughts about attaching great importance to "three agriculture" problems, starting to deepen rural reform from the market mechanism, strengthening agricultural socialized service system, accelerating the construction of small towns, increasing farmers' income, and so on, further innovated and developed the Marxist theory of rural construction. Hu Jintao's thoughts about the overall plan of urban and rural economic and social development, the new socialist countryside construction, developing modern agriculture, industry nurturing agriculture and cities supporting the countryside,"giving more, taking less and allowing flexibility" and so on, formed a relatively complete rural development thought system in the new period. Since the18th congress of the Communist Party of China, Xi Jinping as general secretary of the CPC central committee, from a strategic height of comprehensively deepening reform, put forward from the system level, to improve the mechanism and system of the urban-rural integration, and makes a new exploration on the new rural development issues in the new historical starting point. In general, the Chinese communists represented by Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao, Xi Jinping has always been guided by the Marxism-Leninism theory of rural development, combining China's national conditions with the reality, have constantly made major breakthroughs in theory and practice, creatively found the rural development path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.The third chapter mainly from the view of the subject of the new socialist countryside construction discusses problems in the cultivation of new farmers. Farmers are the builders of the new socialist countryside and the direct beneficiaries, whether we can arouse the enthusiasm and creativity of the new farmers with culture and technology and good at operating, determines the success or failure of the new socialist countryside construction. Our country's current rural labor force resources are abundant, but overall, the rural labor force quality is not high, which is mainly embodied in the backward ideas, the relatively low quality of cultural, science and technology. Therefore, cultivating new farmers to step across from traditional farmers to modern farmers has become the first core issue of the new countryside construction. New farmers' cultivating in China starts late, it is necessary to summarize and absorb and draw lessons of relevant experience among hundreds of years from developed countries such as Britain and America. Our country as well as Brazil and India is a developing country with rapid development, and a socialist country with the same as Vietnam and Cuba, according to similar conditions in these countries in cultivating the new farmers, experiences and lessons also has an important reference significance and reference value for our country. Cultivating new farmers should be under the premise of insisting on and applying Marxism about the rural development subject theory, according to the reality of the our country's current new rural construction, and focus on the following work:strengthening the construction of rural talent team to make the rural human resources play an important part in the new rural construction; raising the support and investment in agricultural education and vocational skills training for farmers to improve the comprehensive quality of farmers; organizing farmers to improve the standard of farmers' professional technology and ability to adapt to market; and strengthening the construction of rural culture, to provide rich soil for cultivating new farmers.The fourth chapter mainly from the Angle of the primary task of new socialist countryside construction discusses the issue of agricultural modernization. Agricultural modernization is the unity of the modernization of agricultural productivity and the modernization of agricultural production relationship, which needs a long-term and dynamic process. Promoting the construction of modern agriculture, improving agricultural comprehensive production capacity, and solving well food problem of our country, are matters of economic development and social stability. To promote modern agriculture construction is also the industrial base of the new socialist countryside construction. However, because our country's agricultural inputs are in serious shortage; agricultural infrastructure is weak; agricultural science and technology is not developed, with farmers' overall quality being not high; production factors market such as land and financial is incomplete; there are a large number of surplus rural labor force, etc., the process of agricultural modernization in our country is hindered. Different countries take different way to realize agricultural modernization. Land scale management is the most prominent feature of agricultural modernization in the United States, to improve land productivity is the outstanding characteristic of Japan's agricultural modernization, agricultural technology innovation in agricultural modernization plays a dominant role in Israel, and in South Korea the government plays the role in achieving agricultural modernization. But, extracting the universal regular factors by studying the national agricultural modernization path, and applying according the reality in our country, undoubtedly have important significance. Promote the agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics, we should be under the premise of insisting on and applying the theory of Marxism about agricultural modernization according to the reality of our country's current new rural construction, and focus on the following several aspects: improving the national agricultural protection system; promoting the agricultural product market circulation system; adhering to the family business on the basis of common development with a variety of business forms; and establishing a perfect agricultural socialized service system.The fifth chapter explores urban and rural integration problems from the perspective of the fundamental path to build a new socialist countryside. Urbanization is the inevitable trend of industrialization, and is an insurmountable stage of development in the process of modernization for any country. Long-standing urban-rural dual economic structure, not only led to the widening gap between the urban and rural areas, also makes the urbanization lagging behind industrialization, further influenced and restricted the development of the rural scale economy and agricultural modernization. The16th national congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the social development strategic thought to balance urban and rural economic and to solve the problem of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", and the18th national congress of the Communist Party of China even more clearly put forward the integration of urban and rural development is the fundamental way to solve the problem of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers". To realize rural modernization is the task for all countries or regions in the world in the process of transformation from traditional society to modern society. Drawing lessons from foreign experiences and lessons from the rural construction, and finding out the universal law of the development of the rural modernization, in combination with our national conditions, and applying it creatively with less detours, can speed up the implementation of the modernization of rural areas in China. To promote the integration of urban and rural development we should insist on and apply Marxism theory about the relationship between urban and rural areas, especially under the premise of urban and rural integration thought of Chinese communists in the contemporary China, combining with the actual conditions of our country's current new rural construction, insisting that the state focus on rural infrastructure construction and social undertakings development, to improve rural production and living conditions; we must promote the reform of land circulation system to improve the utilization rate of land and develop scale economies, and promote the process of agricultural modernization and the development of rural economy; we must speed up the rural financial system innovation to give full play to the role of the rural finance; and we should speed up the reform the household registration system, to orderly promote the urbanization of the agricultural transferring population.The conclusion part makes a summary to full text of the main conclusions, especially basing on rural development theory of Marxism, with reference to the modern development experience in the world, combining with the actual conditions of the new rural construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and put forward the following relations to deal with, namely between insisting on Marxism theory of rural development and developing Marxist theory of rural development, between manifesting Chinese characteristics and drawing lessons from foreign experience; between exerting government leading role and playing the farmer subject role; between the industrial development and agricultural development; and between the urbanization and new rural construction.