Research On Sustainable Livelihoods Of Ethnic Village Residents In The Process Of Urbanization

Livelihood is a national strategy as well as the base for residents.Rich,high-quality livelihood capital is the basis to meet the residents' needs of production and living,and to enhance the ability to resist risks and achieve sustainable development.For decades,China's urbanization rate has been continuously improved and the development of urbanization has made remarkable achievements.But with the continuous progress of urbanization,the reconstruction of urban villages is inevitable and urban ethnic villages are also facing this kind of reconstruction.How about the livelihoods of the residents after reconstruction?Are their production and living sustainable?What are the factors that affect the sustainable livelihoods?The academy should give proper answers to such questions.Therefore,this study chooses Mentou Village in Haidian District of Beijing as the study object,to illustrate the sustainable livelihoods standard and situation of the residents in urban ethnic villages after reconstruction under the background of metropolitanization,and also explores the strategies and approaches to further improve the sustainable livelihoods standard of the residents in ethnic villages.Firstly,drawing on the framework of sustainable livelihoods analysis,this study adjusts it on the basis of the actual situation of the study object,and deems that the ethnic cultural capital is also an important factor affecting the sustainable livelihoods standard of the residents.Thus the framework extends from the original five major capital into six major capital,such as natural capital,material capital,financial capital,human resources capital,social capital and ethnic cultural capital.Secondly,this study takes the framework of sustainable livelihoods analysis as the theoretical basis and analysis foundation,and insists on the scientific principle,the regional principle,the general principle and the quantificational principle.The first draft of survey questionnaire has been written by drawing on the quantitative index from the sustainable livelihoods theory.And then,the questionnaire has been adjusted by being combined with the views and suggestions of the experts and key insiders related to the study object.Ultimately,the evaluation index system of sustainable livelihoods for the residents in Mentou Village has been built.Thirdly,this study takes Mentou Village in Haidian District of Beijing as the study site.In this study,600 families in seven natural villages and two communities were surveyed by telephone interview,face-to-face interview and questionnaire survey.On the basis of interview data,statistic data and research data,questionnaires of expert have been distributed twice.It draws on AHP to determine the weight of each index,and then measures the sustainable livelihoods standard of Mentou Village via comprehensive index method to illustrate the situation of the sustainable livelihoods standard of the residents.The result shows the value of financial capital is the highest among the six capitals affecting the livelihoods standard,and then followed by human resources capital,ethnic cultural capital,material capital,natural capital and social capital.Based on the measurement of sustainable livelihoods standard of the residents,this study further analyzes the main factors that influence the six major capital and the intrinsic relationship between them.At the same time,according to the development reality of Mentou Village as a ethnic village,combined with the result of the sustainable livelihoods analysis of the residents in Mentou Village,it is found that ethnic cultural capital ranks third place among the six factors that affect sustainable livelihoods standard,second only to financial capital and human resources capital.Therefore,this study has specially surveyed the ethnic cultural tradition among the residents in Mentou Village.The result shows ethnic cultural capital has a greater potential to improve the sustainable livelihoods standard of residents in the future.Based on the above analysis,this study puts forward the following policy suggestions to improve the sustainable livelihoods standard of the residents in Mentou Village:In the aspect of financial capital,it is necessary to increase the cash income of residents' families and improve the efficiency of their capital utilization;In the aspect of human resources capital,we should improve the residents' physical quality,skill quality and cultural spirit quality;In the aspect of ethnic cultural capital,we should vigorously develop the cultural industry with ethnic characteristics;In the aspect of material capital,better infrastructure and public service conditions are needed to improve the level of fixed assets of residents' families;In the aspect of natural capital,we should give full play to the location advantages of the village and protect the ecological environment;In the aspect of social capital,the role of social organizations should be played to increase technical support for the residents in Mentou Village.