Vocational High Schools Are Based On The Apprenticeship System To Cultivate Students' Skills In The 21st Century

Apprenticeship is one of the unique educational programs of vocational high schools in Indonesia(after this referred to as "Indonesia").The purpose of apprenticeship is to train graduates with specific vocational abilities.The existing apprenticeship system reflects the relationship between vocational education and employment;that is,high-quality apprenticeships can produce vocational high school graduates who can find jobs after graduation.'According to the statistics bureau of Indonesia from 2010 to 2015,the employment rate of vocational high school graduates is lower than that of ordinary high school graduates.This study aims to create an apprenticeship model to develop students' 21st-century skills at a vocational high school in West Java,Indonesia.The implementation of high-quality apprenticeships in vocational high schools to equip graduates with 21st-century skills is expected to increase the employment rate of vocational high school graduates.21st-century skills according to the 21st-century learning assessment model,are ten skills in the apprenticeship model created to develop 21st-century skills,which are concentrated in the following four skills: creativity,collaboration,and information literacy and communication,and career.The vocational high school apprenticeship model for 21 st century skills involves the following steps and implementation strategies:(1)preliminary training,preliminary investigation of the apprentices,preparation of documents,physical examination,and report to the school and the apprenticeship industry;(2)in the implementation of apprenticeship,students are given organized tasks according to their abilities to cultivate creativity,but the tasks will become increasingly difficult;(3)rotate roles and tasks among apprentices so that students can communicate and exchange ideas about apprenticeship tasks;(4)use the Internet,E-mail,We Chat,QQ and other methods to increase the use of information and communication technology,find learning resources and send apprentice assignments;(5)establish discussion forums between apprentices and teachers to carry out cooperative learning,so as to make a smooth transition between learning knowledge in vocational high school and vocational skills in the subsequent career.This study mainly used a literature research and questionnaire survey to tease out and reveal the relationship between the variables of apprenticeship and the core skills of the 21 st century.SPSS software was used to conduct data analysis,survey questionnaires,and interview questionnaires as the research tools of this study were compiled according to the relevant literature on apprenticeship and skills of the 21 st century.In this study,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 57 people.The apprentice variable scale contained 18 items with reliability of 0.791,indicating that the apprentice scale was reliable.The creativity variable scale consists of 20 items,and the reliability is 0.739,indicating that the creativity scale is reliable.The scale composed of cooperative variables contains a total of 20 items,and the reliability is 0.827,indicating that the scale is reliable.The technology and information literacy scale contains a total of 20 items with reliability of 0.789.The scale composed of occupational variables contains 26 items,and the reliability is 0.894.A questionnaire consisting of five scales was randomly distributed to 520 vocational high school students from seven schools in West Java province.In addition,this study will compile interview questionnaires,conduct interviews with teachers in the field of industrial relations responsible for an apprenticeship,and conduct a quantitative analysis of the collected data.Based on the data collected,the study sought to analyze the relationship between apprenticeship and creativity,apprenticeship and collaboration,between apprenticeship and ICT,and between apprenticeship and careers.Through the analysis of the active learning situation and interview contents in the apprenticeship training,the comprehensive qualitative research was conducted to analyze various literature materials,and the quantitative research was used to analyze the measurement data.In this study,it was found that apprenticeship is the independent variable,and 21 stcentury skills are the dependent variable.The results showed that the correlation coefficient between apprenticeship and creativity was ry1 = 0.47,and the determinant coefficient(ry1)2 = 0.221;The coefficient of correlation between apprenticeship and collaboration ry2 = 0.37,and the coefficient of determination(ry2)2 = 0.137;The correlation coefficient between apprenticeship and ICT was ry3 = 0.315,and the determination coefficient(ry3)2 = 0.099.The correlation coefficient between apprenticeship and career was ry4 = 0.482,the determination coefficient(ry4)2 = 0.232,and the significance level was 0.01.Interviews with school teachers were consistent with the results of a survey of vocational high school students.The detailed results were as follows: about 30 percent of the students were ready to share responsibilities and work,about 45 percent always understood teachers' guidance easily,about 48 percent were always actively involved in apprenticeships,and 37 percent understood common goals.The study also found that students' active learning during the apprenticeship period is essential because it allows students to learn and practice with other students from different schools during the apprenticeship period.Based on the above data analysis,the following conclusions are presented in this study: First,we should make use of modern technology to enrich the learning content and reform the learning of vocational high schools according to the social needs,to create a learning environment for the vocational education of industrial schools.To fully develop skills for the 21 st century;Second,vocational education and training should focus on tacit knowledge,transform learning and innovation from theory to practice,update vocational education goals and transform to lifelong learning.Third,carry out guest teachers(part-time teachers)and industry work,combine industrial cooperation and national vocational qualification certification,and industry institutions.Carry out further training for teachers in school,and make skill certificates for future teachers according to their majors in school;Fourth,to realize the transformation of work into professional ability training,to advocate the use of technology to technology discovery,and to realize the research-oriented learning model;Fifthly,teachers should advocate the cultivation of 21st-century skills in vocational learning and establish an education community to jointly promote the development of 21st-century core skills of vocational high school students.Therefore,Indonesian educational institutions should actively support the development of vocational high school students' 21st-century research skills and promote the development of crucial skills in the 21 st century through the apprenticeship model.