The Research On Marx’s Sublation Of Hegel’s Civil Society Thought

According to historical materialism,the contradiction movements between productive forces and relations of production,economic bases and superstructure,are two major fundamental laws of the historical development of society.Marx believed that fundamental social contradictions run through the development of human society,determine the changes of social forms and are the fundamental impetus of historical development.Since the reform and opening-up,the socialist market economy of our country has seen unprecedented development.The change of economic bases naturally influences the change of superstructure,and therefore how to build the modern social system has gradually become the top priority for governments around the world.Marx’s thought about social and national problems,which started from the criticism of Hegel philosophy,constituted the starting point of historical materialism.Thus,the scholars at home and aboard have conducted their research into Marx’s civil society theory from two major directions: inquiry for theories and practice.In the traditional understanding,academics study from ontological point of view the critical relationship between Marx and Hegel’s civil society theories,focusing more on Marx’s criticism and transcendence of the basis of Hegel’s rational state.Under Marx’s revolutionary criticism,there is no question about the argumentation from such thoughts.But the perspective of criticism inevitably causes the incompleteness of viewpoint,which is not only reflected in the understanding of Marx’s thought of civil society and historical materialism but also in the rational component of the civil society theory of Hegel,which is regarded as the target of criticism.In fact,both Marx’s historical materialism and Hegel’s civil society thought contains two dimensions: objectivity and subjectivity.They held that a rational country must be built on the fundamental of objectivity,and this is the precondition for people’s freedom.However,Marx believed that the objectivity foundation of a country is built on the development of productive forces while Hegel regarded it as idea itself.What Marx criticized is the national basis Hegel believed in.On the other hand,both of them held that it is crucial that individuals accept and acknowledge the rationality of the country and its system.This is a key point which is ignored by previous studies,but the emphasis on this point is quite important in the context of socialist modernization of our country.The wrong idea of the Second International—historical materialism is roughly equivalent to economic determinism—has a necessary connection with the lack of subjective perspective.This research starts from the restoration of the preimage of Hegel’s civil society,and highlights the task undertaken by civil society to guarantee the subjectivity of a country that Hegel mentioned in his Principles of Legal philosophy,by discussing Hegel’s inheritance and criticism of social contract theory and classical economics.The thought of Marx is a process of self-development.So,Marx’s criticism of Hegel’s civil society theory is not a kind of blind criticism;instead,it has preconditions which is reflected in the philosophical idea formed in his doctoral thesis— the freeman association.Marx carried such a philosophical idea throughout the development of his thoughts,and took it as the central thread of his historical materialism.Starting from this precondition to examine the forming process of historical materialism not only restores the Marx’s “criticism” of unreasonable factors in Hegel’s civil society thoughts but also highlights his “promotion” of reasonable factors in Hegel’s thoughts.To be specific,Marx’s thought of the freeman association contains the emphasis on self-awareness of a man.From this view of point,it can be found that while focusing on criticism,Marx still expressed requirements on the conscious practical ability of men.Both the revolutionary consciousness of the proletariat and realizing the return of the essence of men by sublating the alienation of labor place emphasis on the importance of subjectivity.By the restoration of the dual dimensions contained in Marx’s historical materialism subjectivity which was once ignored receives due attention.A complete and accurate grasp of the essence of Marx’s historical materialism is the theoretical prerequisite of the construction of the modern socialism system of our country.Marx criticized Hegel with the purpose of revolution,and today we restore such criticism for construction.The constructions of socialism of our country should be based on the objective law of historical development,and requires the cultivation of the sense of personal identity consciousness in the practice and work,thus making the national system generally acknowledged.