| Urban-rural relationship is the concentrated reflection of economic,social,political and cultural relations under certain economic and social development conditions in the process of interaction between cities and villages.It is an important task to understand and deal with the relationship between urban and rural areas in the process of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way.The need of practice calls for the deepening of theory.At the same time,we are also faced with new problems such as urban capital flowing to the countryside and rural residents flowing to the cities on a large scale.Therefore,carefully studying the law of urban-rural relationship development and actively exploring the objective law and realistic path of urban-rural integrated development in the process of socialist modernization are not only the objective requirements for China to achieve high-quality development,but also the inevitable requirements for building a great modern socialist country and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.In the 1840 s,in the process of answering the questions of The Times and scientifically analyzing the law of capitalist social development,Marx and Engels conducted in-depth research and fully discussed the problem of urban-rural relations,especially the problem of capitalist urban-rural relations,and created their own thoughts of urban-rural relations.Systematic research of Marx and Engels’ s urban-rural relations can deepen our understanding of the law of urban-rural development in the process of socialist modernization,and find out a development path of socialist urban-rural relations different from capitalism.This paper consists of five parts in addition to the introduction.The first part is an investigation about the social and historical background,theoretical source and formation process of Marx and Engels’ thoughts on urban-rural relations.The development of social productive forces and capitalist mode of production brought about by the industrial Revolution shaped the fact of urban-rural relations in Europe in the 19 th century,and also made urban-rural relations and urbanization an important topic for modern European scholars to study.The thoughts of urban and rural relations in German classical philosophy,English classical political economy and Utopian socialist theory provide reference and critical object for Marx and Engels.Based on the systematic investigation of the actual development of capitalist urban-rural relations,Marx and Engels created their own thoughts on urban-rural relations through the inheritance,research and criticism of the above three theories,and systematically elaborated them in their works in different periods.The second part is about the elaboration of Marx and Engels on the formation process,development motivation and positive effect of capitalist urban-rural relations.Marx and Engels revealed the appearance of urban-rural relations in different historical periods in the process of investigating the emergence and development of urban-rural relations.They underlined that the relationship between urban and rural areas should experience a dialectical movement from "no difference and identity" to "separation and opposition" and then to "urban-rural integration".The development of social productive forces is the fundamental driving force for the development of urban-rural relations.Capitalist urban-rural relations,on the one hand,promote the development of social productive forces,and on the other hand,promote the concentration of workers in cities,providing objective conditions for the formation and development of the proletariat.Marx and Engels emphasized that the development of capitalist urban-rural relations is the inevitable result of industrialization,marketization and globalization.At the same time,they affirmed the positive role played by capitalist urban-rural relations in history.The third part is an investigation about Marx and Engels’ discussion on the limitations of capitalist urban-rural relations.Marx and Engels believed that the capitalist urban-rural relationship caused the unbalanced development of urban and rural areas,the one dimensional development of urban and rural workers,and the continuous destruction of urban and rural natural ecology.Marx and Engels pointed out that the origin of the capitalist urban-rural opposition lies in the inherent internal contradictions of capitalist society,and the urban-rural opposition is an inherent feature of capitalist society.Its essence is the opposition between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.The class antagonism in capitalist society leads to the indiscriminate exploitation of urban and rural workers by capital,and the globalization of capital attention leads to the universalization of urban and rural antagonism throughout the world.The fourth part is about the discussion of Marx and Engels on the integration of urban and rural areas.In the view of Marx and Engels,urban-rural integration is the inevitable trend of social and historical development,the inevitable requirement to eliminate all the old limitations of urban-rural relations,and the inevitable result of the development of social productive forces and the establishment of the communist system.The main characteristics of urban-rural integration include highly developed productive forces,elimination of the difference between industry and commerce and agriculture,free and all-round development of laborers,and coordinated development of human labor and natural ecology.To achieve urban-rural integration,we should take the development of social productive forces as the basis,take the public ownership of the means of production as the means,take the communist system as the guarantee,realize the reasonable distribution of industry and agriculture in space,eliminate the difference between industry and agriculture in urban and rural areas,and realize the integrated development of urban and rural areas.The fifth part is a discussion about the contemporary enlightenment of Marx and Engels’ thoughts on urban-rural relations.Marx and Engels’ thoughts on urban-rural relations have laid a profound theoretical foundation for socialist countries to deal with urban-rural relations.At present,promoting the coordinated development of urban-rural relations is an urgent requirement for building a modern socialist country in an all-round way.In the process of building a modern socialist country,to achieve urban-rural integration,it is necessary to give full play to the advantages of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics,and promote the balanced development of urban and rural areas in political,economic,cultural,ecological and other aspects. |
