The Thought Of Urban-rural Relations Of Marx And Engels And Its Contemporary Value

The thought of urban-rural relations of Marx and Engels is an organic part of the Marxism theory system. The thought was born in1840s; it has been influenced by the capitalist industrial revolution and urbanization and enlightened from the thoughts of urban-rural combination of utopian socialists and Justus von liebig's Agricultural Chemistry theory under the background of that period of time. Based on the former achievements, Marx and Engels deeply analyzed the roots and defects of the urban-rural opposition in west Europe; prospectively looked forward to the scientific actualization of urban-rural combination; expatiated in what conditions and how could urban-rural combination come to actualization; thereby formed their rich thoughts of urban-rural relations as a system. However, they didn't have works specially focusing on the urban-rural relations issue; in the works The German Ideology, The Poverty Of Philosophy, Principles Of Communism, Manifesto Of The Communist Party, On Domestic Issues, Capital, Anti-Duhring, The Origin Of The Family, Private Property And The State, etc, they expatiated their thoughts. With the publications of these works and the development of their theory, the thought experienced an evolutionary process from sprouting to forming and eventually matured.The thought of urban-rural relations of Marx and Engels has three arrangements of ideas in structure:the trend theory of the development of the urban-rural relations, the mainspring theory of the evolution of the urban-rural relations and the methodology about the actualization of urban-rural combination. Through these three ideas, they answered the urban-rural relations evolve, what causes it to develop and how to advance and so on a series of important questions. The trend theory of the development of the urban-rural relations mainly reveals the inevitable trend of urban-rural combination in future society by criticizing the limits and drawbacks of urban-rural opposition, showing the identity-opposition-combination process of its develop; the mainspring theory of the evolution of the urban-rural relations mainly expatiates that social division of labor is the direct agent advancing the development of urban-rural relations and productivity is the essential driving force to decide the trend and direction of urban-rural relations develop; the methodology about the actualization of urban-rural combination mainly discusses three basic premises of its combination, containing material premise, relation premise and subject premise; expatiates three major means, containing advancing the development of productive forces, abolishing private ownership and encouraging the free and all-around human development, presenting a series of concrete measures such as exerting central functions of city, accelerating the combination development of industry and agriculture, transforming means of production into state-owned property, exerting basic functions of education and destroying old division.The theory is based on dialectical materialism and historical materialism. In the view of Marxist philosophy, the philosophical connotation of their thoughts of urban-rural relations could be learned. They revealed the unity of opposites between urban and rural and the negation of negation rule of the development of urban-rural relations; they guided urban-rural combination directly to the free and all-around development of human and revealed that the harmony of human and nature is the final goal of urban-rural combination.The rich contents and philosophical connotations of the thought of urban-rural relations of Marx and Engels, as the basic guide thought of the practice of coordinating urban-rural development in our country, are of important significance both in enlightenment and practice. It is helpful for us to correctly learn the history and present condition of our urban-rural relations develop, to effectively grasp the three vital points of coordinating urban-rural development:propelling agricultural modernization, promoting new urbanization and accelerating urban-rural culture integration, eventually forming the new worker-peasant relations and urban-rural relations and a new pattern of economic and social integration of urban and rural.