Research On The Relationship Between Urban And Rural Areas Of Marx And Engels

As one of the basic relations of human social development,urban-rural relations have profoundly influenced the process of human social development through the interaction and contradictory movements of cities and villages.Marx and Engels’ thought on urban-rural relations was born in the 1840 s,when with the rise of the first industrial revolution,the level of social productivity in Europe was significantly increased,and the urban-rural contradiction was deepened while the urbanization process in European countries was accelerated.Marx and Engels,from the background of the time,formed a systematic and complete idea of urban-rural relations on the basis of the theories of the ideal socialists’ theory of urban-rural equality,Adam Smith’s theory of natural order and Hegel’s view of urban-rural differences.Marx and Engels’ thought on urban-rural relations has gone through a process from germination to development and finally to maturity.Studying this development process can help to grasp the basic content of urban-rural relations clearly.Marx and Engels’ thought on urban-rural relations contains rich connotations and reveals the general law of development of urban-rural relations.Based on the materialistic view of history and taking the degree of human emancipation as the yardstick,Marx and Engels scientifically divided urban-rural relations into three stages:urban-rural unity based on "human dependence",urban-rural separation and opposition based on "material dependence",and urban-rural integration with "free and comprehensive development of man".On this basis,the historical formation,essential connotation and evolution of these three stages are systematically analyzed,and finally reveal that urban-rural integration is the future trend of urban-rural relations.As a scientific theoretical system,Marx and Engels’ thought on urban-rural relations has crucial theoretical and practical significance in contemporary China,and points out the development direction for China to build a new type of urban-rural relations.At the theoretical level,it provides a theoretical basis for understanding the changes of urbanrural relations in China,a value for grasping the laws of urban-rural relations in China,and an ideological guide for achieving the goal of integrated urban-rural development in China;at the practical level,it provides an ideological reference for China to promote the revitalization of the countryside and the construction of a new type of urbanization,to comprehensively promote the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas,and to comprehensively promote ecological environmental protection and governance in urban and rural areas.It also provides an ideological reference for China to promote rural revitalization and new urbanization,equalize urban and rural basic public services and promote urban and rural ecological environmental protection and governance.Under the guidance of Marx and Engels’ ideas on urban-rural relations,China has accomplished the target task of poverty eradication in the new era and started a new journey of building a comprehensive socialist modern country.In the opening year of the 14 th Five-Year Plan,which is also a crucial stage for consolidating the achievements of poverty eradication and promoting rural revitalization,Marx and Engels’ ideas on urban-rural relations still play an important role,providing a guideline for the integrated development of urban and rural areas in the new era and pushing China forward to achieve the second century goal.