Study Of The Casual Complex Sentences In "The Mencius

" The Mencius " is a significant classic prose published in the Warring States dynasty. It is dialogue style prose. Thus the study of " The Mencius " has great value to the research of Chinese grammar in pre-Qin dynasty. " The Mencius " mainly is part discourse,detailed appeals,so it used a great deal of complex sentences,especially the casual complex sentences. The concept of "casual complex sentences" is toted by Mr.Xing Fu Yi. The use of casual complex sentences in " The Mencius " is widespread,its types more than abundant,fairly has developed completely. This text intends to casual complex sentences of " The Mencius " makes exhaustive statistics,. Based on the above study,we are able to generalize the nature of the casual complex sentences in " The Mencius ",and offer a few references for further research into Chinese history.The complex sentences in the ancient Chinese language,which are just the same as the contemporary Chinese language,are composed by two or more clauses. There is a logical relationship between the clauses. There are two different kinds of complex sentences:the one is with connective words the other is without. The function of connective words is to indicate the relationship between the clauses. Some complex sentences are without connective words,the clauses are put together directly. To point out which category this kind of complex sentences belong to,generally speaking,we can turn to the context and we can also know the relationship between the clauses by finding out the omitted connective words. According to the levels between the clauses,the complex sentence can be divided into two categories:mono-clause complex sentences and multi-clause complex sentences.In " The Mencius ",there are altogether 573 casual sentences. According to the usage of connective words,we can divide them into two kinds. There are 232 sentences are with connective words and 343 are without. According to the levels,we can also category them into two kinds:mono-clause complex sentences (318 sentences ) and multi-clause complex sentences ( 257 sentences ). According to the different logical relationship,the casual complex sentences including five branches:casual sentences (185 sentences ),deductive sentences ( 98 sentences ),hypothetical sentences (248 sentences ),conditional sentences ( 29 sentences ) and objective sentences (15 sentences ).In the 185 casual sentences,there are 142 sentences begin with the cause and end with the effect,43 sentences are just the opposite. There are 88 mono-clause sentences and 97 multi-clause sentences. As to the connective words,113 sentences are with and 72 sentences are without. The typical symbols of the cause and effect sentence are "gu'Y'shigu","shiyi" ?In the 98 deductive sentences,there are 91 sentences begin with the cause and end with the effect,7 sentences are just the opposite. There are 41 mono-clause deductive sentences and 57 multi-clause deductive sentences. In the deductive sentences of " The Mencius ",the most of sentences use the form which without connective words (81 sentences),just have 17 sentences which with connective words. All main are used of connective word is "ze".In the 247 hypothetical sentences,there are 122 sentences which without connective words,125 sentences which with connective words;there are 153 mono-clause hypothetical sentences,94 multi-clause hypothetical sentences. The connective words of the hypotheticalsentences more than others,the most appear frequency of monosyllable-connective word is "ze",gemel of connective word is "ru...ze...". According to semantic analysics,hypothetical sentences are devided into inevitability-result hypothetical sentences,probability-result hypothetical sentences,cope-measure hypothetical sentences,submit rhetorical hypothetical sentences,submit interrogative hypothetical sentences,judgement hypothetical sentences,metaphor hypothetical sentences and reason hypothetical sentences,total have eight types.In the 30 conditional sentences,there are 21 sentences which without connective words,9 se...