New Public Service: Social Governance Mode Transcending New Public Management

Some new administrative theories and schools on reforming traditional administration arise at the end of 20th century in the Western world. There is a classical theory emerged in 80's having profound influence, which is called New Public Management. This is the newest administrative theory and guides the west's administrative reform in practice. However, New Public Management has been widely questioned while it was popular in Europe and United States. The most influenced theory is New Public Service theory which absorbs democratic governance theory, and incorporates efficiency and productivity theory of New Public Management with democracy, community and public interest theory, and last develops a broader theoretical system, which embodies new ways of pursuing balanced development among the varied norms of public administration. Thereby they are called the new paradigms of the development of public administration.With the advent of post-industrial society, the transformation of administrative theory paradigm implies the transformation of social governance. Social control mode is changing into service-oriented governance model. Governance reform advocated by New Public Management has been dim. "Public service" has become a new focus of the contemporary world. While our country develops economy rapidly, building service-oriented government has been a new target, which includes deepening administrative reform and focusing on improving people's livelihood. In this thesis, New Public Service theory is the research object, through comparison with new public management theory, using literature studies, comparative studies, empirical research and systematic analysis to clarify the theoretical superiority, the current advance and the innovation beyond the mainstream of administrative theory. It is surprised valuable in theory and practice to demonstrate New Public Service exceeding New Public Management from control subjects, governance idea, means and values respectively.With respect to the governance body, New Public Management emphasis on economic methods of public administration and private sector management The government was only social governance body, improving administrative efficiency through market competition. New Public Service is aware of the development of civil society and promotes and expands citizen participation to form a common governance of society and government. The government's main function is "service", helping citizens express and realize their common interests, rather than trying to control and manage the community in a new direction. In the concept of governance, New Public Management outstand government response, but ignore the difference between public sectors and private sectors, reforming government through narrow "customer orientation" and the entrepreneurial spirit. New Public Service redefines the citizen and government by the interpretation of citizenship. The most essential spirit in government should be concerned about citizens and public spirit. Public administration officials'responsibility is civil service. In the methods of reform the traditional public administration, New Public Management's performance is too shallow and limits in the management mode of efficient fist. New Public Service reflects the content in the Deregulation, flexibility, civil servant quality, decision-making and administrative responsibilities. In the value, New Public Management prefers economy efficiency and effective. New public service, adhering to new public administration's values, emphasizes Value-oriented rationality, fairness, democratic administration and public interest. By comparing analysis, the social governance pattern initiated by New Public Service Consist with the development of and civilization post-industrial society, also with the values of administrative reform . Service-oriented government is the optional goal of administrative reform .On the one hand, it stresses people-oriented, protection and realization of basic human rights and highlights the government's public service functions, on the other hand, it regards management within services and emphasizes providing better serve with community and citizens. Accordingly, this thesis puts forward counter measures and suggestions, suitable with Chinese Character of an administrative system, through analyzing meeting point of "Service-oriented government" and "New Public Service" the analysis and real situation of service-oriented government in our country.