Research Of China’s Rural Labor Transformation And City Central Imbalance Process

It is a necessary phase in which rural people move to cities while urban population increases constantly for any developing country to realize industrialization and modernization. China, as the largest developing country in the world, has been developing rapidly in economy, society and other aspects since its reform and opening-up in late1970s, especially during the first decade in21s century. This agricultural power with agricultural population as the majority is turning fast to a modern and industrial country, with rural surplus people migrating rapidly to cities, urban industries concentrating and growing, urban population increasing, and urbanization accelerating. In this period, Chinese economy becomes more complex with various contractions while the problem caused by imbalance of labor transfer and urbanization has been prominent in the economic development. It is a key factor determining if Chinese economy will bless a fast and good development, so it should be studied systematically and dealt with rightly.In this series of problems, like whether that urbanization lags behind industrialization for long-term is a reasonable phenomenon; what is the nature of the intrinsic relations between income gaps in urban and rural and the countryside population transfer and urbanization; how to deal with these problems, such as farmland deserted, agriculture with less harvest but large farming, deficiency of irrigation facilities construction and repair, disorder of villages planning and the current chaos, which are caused by countryside blank after the large transfer of China’s countryside labor; whether developments between cities keep a coordinate relations, and whether the rules and regulations are followed to develop and maintain the competitive industry in the process of rapid urbanization advancing; what role does the government play in the process of the rapid urbanization advancing; whether countryside labor gets enough guarantee and humanity care according to the regulation. All these questions should be paid much attention to and also they are the key focuses to be discussed in this paper.This paper starts from the practical problems in the progress of the labor transfer and urbanization, and studies the imbalance problems in the progress of China’s current labor transfer and urbanization. After the analysis of the cause of imbalance formation, it is tested with solid evidence by using data, cases, and investigation report, finally constructive policies and suggestions are put forward.This paper is divided into five chapter, followings are brief introduction of the main contents and point of views:First is the introduction which briefly explains the background and significance, content and thinking, approaches and important nouns this paper studies and points out the innovation and shortcomings in the paper.The initial chapter is about literary review and evaluation, which redefines and analyzes theories of the urbanization and labor from foreign and domestic aspects. Combining imbalance theory of economics and draw dual economic theory, a simple imbalance developing model is built as a fundamental frame to explain China labor transfer and urbanization imbalance.The subsequent chapter is a brief historical review of China’s labor transfer and urbanization historical evolution and its phenomena features. Recalling the history started from the founding of new China is because that the history of direct connections between rural labor transfer and urbanization was begun at that moment. However, the focus is the essential behaviors of labor transfer and urbanization in current period.The successive chapter analyzes the forming reasons of imbalance in the progress of China labor transfer and urbanization. Based on the model built in the chapter one, combining the characteristics of China economic development process, it is explained that imbalance in the progress of labor transfer and urbanization is the results of interfere from outside and district power imbalance caused by regulation imperfection. Here are the reasons:economic development model led by government and motivation regime from government officers; countryside population movement under imperfect labor market; farmers’ employment under defective social security system; influence from imbalanced education development on countryside labor employment and social liquidity; influence on regional urbanization from industry structure and distribution features; the relations between international trade, urbanization imbalance and income gap of the urban and the rural.Chapter4is the empirical test to Chapter3. It mainly verifies the rationality of China’s urbanization level and speed, and draws the conclusion that the urbanization lags behind the industrialization. In this chapter, an econometric model was applied to examine the relationship between urbanization, international trade and the income gap lies in urban and rural areas, as the peroration, China’s international trade and urbanization will widen the income gap between urban and rural areas in the short run, whereas, that is meant to narrow the gap in the long run. We also did plenty of data collection and investigation report work on the farming after the transfer of rural labor, which affirms the problem of "village-hollowing" in China. According to the comparison of indicators on urban residents’daily life between different districts, we found that regional development is not balanced. As to the issue of the expansion of migrant population during the urbanization, we choose several typical towns to observe and study the change of the resident population, the household register population, the census register population in their developing period, and found the census register population change trend is consistent with that of the resident population, the when the household register population curve is extremely flat, it usually means the expanding migrant population slows down the urbanization improvement of the cities.The final chapter falls on the main conclusions and policy recommendations. Based on the analysis of forming mechanism of labor transfer and urbanization imbalance, tested in chapter4, two conclusions are reached:first, imbalance in the progress of China rural labor transfer and urbanization exists not only in the total, but also in the structure. Second, it is necessary choice for China to choose the balanced urbanization path. Another three main suggestions and solutions are put forward to solve these tough problems. And the last part looks into the future that the there is still huge space to improve as the theory is not perfect enough. In the future much more researchers will join in this issue which will be much clearer. As a result, the progress and result of urbanization will fulfill human being’s developing needs. For the limited theoretical level and limited approaches for data obtaining, the influence of the validity of the data makes this study have many deficiencies, such as the rigor of formation mechanism analysis, the weak of empirical test part and something else are needed for further improvement.