Research On The Balanced Development Of Compulsory Education In Chongqing City Under The Background Of Urban And Rural Integration

With further promotion of China’s social and economic development strategy for urban and rural areas, compulsory education is increasingly becoming an important development goal. Chongqing municipal government clearly put forward that the city basically achieve the balanced development of compulsory education until2017. By contrast, the current imbalances of Chongqing compulsory education are prominent, particularly significant differences between urban and rural areas, and difficulties also remain in balanced development. This paper argues that this phenomenon exists on deeply historical roots and real bottlenecks, therefore how to get rid of obstacles and achieve a balanced objective are the basic starting points of this article. Referring to the international practices, balanced development of compulsory education in the developed countries such as America and French also have experienced a tortuous process. However their experience is worth of learning. This paper makes a research under the background of the history of China’s balanced development of basic education and full consideration of society, economy, education and cultural development level of Chongqing. In addition, this paper puts forward the ways to implement balanced development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas.This paper is divided into four parts.The first part focuses on the theoretical source and basis of the balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education. The balance in urban and rural areas has maintained in the early utopian socialists’ ideological system, and then Marxists inherit and develop it into urban and rural ideal vision of fairness and justice. Besides they scientifically analyze the historical, evolution of the relationship between urban and rural areas, and then from the perspective of historical materialism, they point out the dialectical relationship between urban and rural areas and the productive power. Balanced urban and rural compulsory education mainly reflects in multiply theoretical properties:the education fairness, the balanced development, and the externalities (public goods).The second part traces the history of China’s balanced development of compulsory education. The article forms a view that our balanced development of compulsory education has gone through three stages:namely from1953to2003nearly five decades of urban preemptive development, from2003to2006of the exploration of the balanced development of compulsory education, and since2006to so far of the deepening period of urban and rural development. Then we sort out the evolution of policy and institutional design of the founding of the balanced development of compulsory education, which provides the historical basis and macroscopic knowledge background for balanced development of compulsory education in Chongqing.As for the third part, the part based on the earlier understanding of the theory and history, emphases on the balanced development of compulsory education’s status and problems in Chongqing. From the evaluation of the balanced development of compulsory education, indicators start to determine the dimensions and considerations of Compulsory Education. Through collected data, the paper analyzes the significant differences of teachers, school grounds, education investment and teaching resources equipment, etc. of Chongqing compulsory education in both urban and rural areas.Considering all the above, this paper considers the total lack of compulsory education investment, low center of gravity of the financial system as well as urban and rural society’s dualistic structures as the main reasons.The fourth part puts forward the ways to implement balanced development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas of Chongqing. According to the development situation of the compulsory education in our country and the features of compulsory education in chongqing urban and rural areas, we put forward to the ideal ways to implement balanced development in Chongqing. It mainly includes the reconstruction of government’s responsibility system, establishing a mechanism to ensure funding for municipal finance as the main financial support for education; founding compulsory compensation mechanism; building up Chongqing’s standard of the balanced development of compulsory education; promoting social forces to participate in compulsory education; reforming and improving compulsory education laws and regulations and so forth.