| Community climate is an important concept in Chinese community psychology,and researcher defines it as a subjective feeling and emotional experience generated by the interaction between community residents and the overall community environment.In order to explore the psychological structure of urban community climate,this study used a combination of qualitative interview and quantitative research methods to obtain residents’ perceptions and understanding of community climate through in-depth interviews with community residents,and to obtain the dimensional structure of Chinese urban community climate by combining the researcher’s theoretical conceptions.Finally,the urban community climate questionnaire was applied to investigate the relationship between urban community climate,residents’ participation behavior and residents’ happiness.Study one explored the dimensional structure of urban community climate through open-ended thematic interviews in a qualitative study.The researcher went into the grassroots community and communicated with 34 effective residents to obtain information,and generated 140 primary themes,30 secondary themes,and 7 core themes of urban community climate through textual analysis.The research shows that the interaction between community environment and community residents is the source of community climate,cognitive feelings and emotional experiences are its psychological components,the five-factor structure of community climate includes community environment climate,community safety climate,community interpersonal climate,community management climate,and community civilization climate,and residents have positive and negative comments on the community climate,the above four aspects form a preliminary urban community climate Psychological structure model.Study two used the theoretical model of urban community climate as the basis to develop an urban community climate questionnaire that fits the actual situation in China.The study first collected 339 valid questionnaires using the convenience sampling method to compile the initial questionnaire,and analyzed that the urban community climate questionnaire includes four dimensions of interpersonal climate,management climate,civilization climate and environmental climate,with a total of 24 questions,plus 4 impression management questions and 1 validity question,the official questionnaire includes 29 questions.Five point scoring.The internal consistency coefficients of the total questionnaire and the dimensions were 0.83-0.95,and the retest reliability after 5 months was 0.85-0.95;indicating that the reliability of the urban community climate questionnaire was good.The correlation between the sub-dimensions and the total questionnaire is greater than the correlation between the dimensions,indicating that the dimensions are both independent of each other and somewhat related,and the structural validity of the questionnaire is good.The validation factor analysis compared the fit indices of the one-factor and four-factor models,and the results showed that the four-factor model had better fit indices,with χ~2 /df < 3,SRMR and RMSEA less than 0.08,and NNFI,CFI,GFI,and NFI more than 0.9,which met the statistical criteria;meanwhile,the sub-dimensions of the questionnaire and the total questionnaire were significantly and positively correlated with community identity and happiness index.This indicates that the urban community climate questionnaire developed in this study has good reliability and validity,and can be used as a valid measurement tool for Chinese urban residents to perceive the level of community climate.Study three and study four were the application of the urban community climate questionnaire.Study three analyzed the current state of urban community climate with1013 valid questionnaires collected,and the results showed that residents perceived the best management climate(3.69±0.76),followed by environmental climate(3.66±0.79),interpersonal climate(3.65±0.72),and poor civilization climate(3.34±0.87).Community climate scores differed significantly in job status(F(2,1010)= 3.11,p < 0.05),marital status(F(3,1009)= 9.82,p < 0.001),monthly per capita household income(F(5,1007)=6.52,p < 0.001),housing type(F(2,1010)= 8.26,p < 0.001),and community type(F(4,1008)= 12.51,p < 0.001).Study four explored the relationship between urban community climate,community involvement and residents’ happiness through information from 532 subjects,and regression analysis found that urban community climate was significantly and positively related to residents’ happiness,and community involvement,community identity,and housing type had significant predictive roles.In summary,this paper promoted a complete framework structure for urban community climate research through theoretical exploration,questionnaire development and practical application.Conclusions:(1)The theoretical model of urban community climate includes four aspects: namely,the interaction between community environment and community residents is the source of community climate formation,cognitive feelings and emotional experiences are the psychological components of community climate,the structural dimension of community climate is a five-factor structure,and residents have positive and negative comments on the community climate.(2)The urban community climate questionnaire includes four dimensions: interpersonal climate,management climate,civilized climate and environmental climate,and the formal questionnaire has good reliability and validity.(3)The survey on the current situation of urban community climate shows that the current community climate perceived by urban residents is generally good,but there are differences in the sub-dimensions.(4)Regression analysis finds that urban community climate is significantly and positively related to residents’ happiness,and community participation,community identity,and housing type have important predictive roles.There are three research innovations:(1)theoretically,for the first time,community climate is defined from a Chinese cultural perspective,a structural model of urban community climate dimensions is proposed,and an urban community climate measurement questionnaire is developed.(2)Methodologically,a combination of qualitative and quantitative research was conducted to examine urban community climate;(3)For the first time,the current status of community climate in different types of communities in China was compared,and it was found that community climate can predict residents’ participation behavior and residents’ well-being,which has positive implications for community climate construction.The theoretical significance of this study: First,based on the Western concept of sense of community,the Chinese concept of community climate is explored,which is a new expansion of sense of community research;second,the concept of community climate is proposed based on an in-depth survey of urban grassroots communities in China,and the concept originates from the actual Chinese community,telling the stories of Chinese community residents and thinking about the actual status and problems of Chinese society,which contributes to the development of Chinese community psychology.The practical significance of this study: First,the development of an urban community climate measurement questionnaire allows for the quantification of urban community climate.Second,measuring community climate helps managers understand residents’ evaluation of different aspects of the community,identify problems in community construction,lay out the focus of community construction work in a directional manner,and provide guidance for the construction of harmonious communities. |
