Research On The Influence Of Social Capital On Self-Employment ——Empirical Analysis Based On CFPS

Self-employment,as an important way and way of self-employment,has become an employment group that cannot be ignored in my country’s labor market.In recent years,our country has continuously introduced a series of employment-related policies,such as the Party’s "19th National Congress Report",the national "14th Five-Year Plan" "Planning Outline",and the national "14th Five-Year Plan for Employment Promotion",etc.The choice of self-employment provides the necessary space for action and institutional guarantees.In the future,with the continuous deepening of the development and reform of my country’s market,the vitality of various market players will continue to be released,and the action space of workers who choose to engage in self-employment activities will inevitably expand.Self-employment will become an economic phenomenon that cannot be ignored in the study of employment issues.At the same time,self-employment not only drives the continuous growth of our country’s economy,but also plays a significant role in relieving employment pressure and improving people’s living standards.Especially in the past two years,under the severe impact of the new crown virus epidemic,self-employment appears to be even more important.It is an important topic worthy of discussion and in-depth study.Credit constraints are one of the major obstacles for workers to engage in self-employment.Therefore,it is difficult to achieve self-employment without sufficient funds.In the context of a "relational" society such as ours,social capital can not only promote the acquisition of credit funds,but also promote the acquisition of credit funds under certain conditions.To ease credit constraints to a certain extent,it can also help the approval of business licenses and other approvals and increase the source of customers,thereby promoting the realization of selfemployment of individual workers.However,the existing literature does not pay enough attention to the impact of social capital on self-employment entry,and there are few studies on its intermediate mechanism and employment outcomes after engaging in selfemployment.This paper analyzes the influence mechanism of social capital on self-employment entry,and proposes research hypotheses.On this basis,using the cross-sectional data of the Chinese family tracking survey data CFPS2018 and the corresponding provincial macro data in the questionnaire,matching and integrating adult survey data,household economic survey data and family relationship survey data,social capital is divided into social networks,social participation and social trust,mainly focusing on the core issue of the impact of social capital on self-employment,including two aspects: one is to construct a Probit model to empirically test the choice of individual workers’ selfemployment by social capital of different dimensions What is the impact,further divide self-employment into self-employment with employees and self-employment without employees,and build Mulitionmial Probit and IV-Probit models to further explore the impact of different dimensions of social capital on different self-employment states within self-employment.Discussion and handling of natural problems,as well as the test of the mediation effect;the second is to construct the OLS model,the Probit model and the Ordered Probit model to empirically analyze the employment results after the realization of self-employment.Through theoretical analysis and empirical testing,it is found that:（1）The influence of different dimensions of social capital on the decision-making of individuals’ selfemployment activities is heterogeneous.Social network and social participation have a significant positive effect on self-employment,and social trust has a positive but insignificant effect on self-employment.When self-employment is divided into three categories of employment status,both social network and social participation have a greater effect on individuals’ self-employment with employed workers,while social trust has a greater impact on individuals’ unemployed self-employment.（2）Social capital has different effects on self-employment under different gender,household registration and other conditions.Social network has a greater impact on the probability of men engaging in self-employment activities,while social participation and social trust have a greater impact on the probability of women engaging in self-employment activities.It has a greater impact on self-employment with employed workers;classified by household registration,it is found that social network and social participation have a greater impact on the probability of non-agricultural households engaging in self-employment activities,while social trust has a greater impact on the probability of agricultural households engaging in self-employment activities.（3）Through the mediation effect test,it is found that different credit channels play different roles in the impact of social network,social participation and social trust on the entry of self-employment.Bank lending has different effects on self-employment in social network,social participation and social trust.There is a partial mediation effect in the relationship of entry influence.（4）In general,selfemployed individuals have higher job income satisfaction and higher life well-being,but have longer working hours and poorer social insurance coverage.Compared with wageemployment groups,self-employment has higher job income satisfaction than employed employment,and self-employment with employed workers has higher and significantly higher job income satisfaction than unemployed self-employment.In terms of weekly working hours and life well-being,self-employed individuals have longer working hours,and those who have no self-employment activities have the longest working hours.Selfemployed people have a higher sense of well-being,and individuals with selfemployment activities are significantly better than those who are self-employed without employees.From the perspective of social insurance payment,in real life,individuals engaged in self-employment actually pay a relatively low rate of various social insurances,among which unemployment insurance,maternity insurance and work-related injury insurance are relatively worse.Finally,this paper puts forward corresponding reference suggestions for accumulating social capital and promoting individuals to engage in selfemployment activities.