Research On The Development Of Chinese Supportive Social Organizations

This essay is dedicated to study the Supporting Social Organizations' situation and developments in China, focusing mainly on the contents, features, social roles,supporting theoretical principles, practical backgrounds, general scales, specific classifications, functioning-ways, conditions, and their functions, developing patterns,operating mechanisms, potential problems, valuable experiences as well as suggestions and improvements to these problems. Based on these studies, this essay will help to recognize and understand the overall meaning and systematic grape of the Supporting Social Organizations, so that a relatively complete knowledge system could come into existence, preparing the elementary studying for the researches in this territory. Meanwhile, this essay studies the the practical situations of the Supporting Social Organizations in China and learns the advanced experiences from those originated in foreign developed countries, which will certain help the government and its branch department in their understanding of these organizations,trying to provide theoretical guidance and practical strategies for the Supporting Social Organizations' developments, and setting basis and reference for the government in the policy-making process.The Supporting Social Organizations mean their working and functions are to serve the general public, operate in the basic level in society and provide supports and services for the society. As one important branch of the social organizations, the Supporting Social Organizations have the same characteristics like non-governmental,non-profitable, self-governing, organizational, volunteering and mutual-beneficial, as well as those unique characteristics as legitimate, authoritative, integrated,representative and preponderant. In the society-governing territory, the Supporting Social Organizations should act as a platform, bridges between different departments and leaders in the industry, so they can help the middle and small size enterprises and grassroots social organizations develop, strengthen the relationship between social organizations, government, enterprises and themselves, making the whole industry evolve smoothly. Based on the interdisciplinary perspective, The Supporting Social Organizations have many theories to support their emergence and developments, such as theory of civil society of Marxism, the theory of social construction with Chinese characteristics, resource dependence theory, enterprise life - cycling theory, social division of labor theory and social capital theory.Based on the view of the practical background of social governance, the Supporting Social Organizations' development must have the support of the huge space brought by political and social system reform and strong power generated by innovation in management pattern, which are the call of the real need of Resource dependence of social organization' formation and the inevitable result of the internal structure optimization of social organization. The development can be roughly divided into three stages: bud, start and fast development, related to the level of economic and social development, they have better evolution in prosperous cities like Beijing,Shanghai as well as province,like Guangdong. Due to different emphasis on the service content, the Supporting Social Organizations can be divided into several parts:Resource supply type,professional service type, industry development type,comprehensive management type and so on. Despite the short history, the Supporting Social Organizations have played a positive and significant role in Communist Party building in the field of social organization, cultivation of numbers of social organizations, undertaking the government's public service projects and promoting self-discipline in social organizations. Based on the role of government's support in the process of forming a supporting social organization,the Supporting Social Organizations can be divided into three typical development models: the government leading model, the society self-governance type and the cooperation with the government model, and these types are different in organizational independence level,funding sources, professional levels and organizational functions. The Supporting Social Organizations must have the support from the organization's incubation mechanism, capability building mechanism and the venture capital mechanism and so on.This essay analyzes the Supporting Social Organizations from three different dimensions: the system, the administration and the ability, the difficulties and problems that different organizations have been into during their development can be found. From the view of the system,the Supporting Social Organizations do not have complete policy system, legal system and loose management system to support them,furthermore, there are other problems such as absence and injustice of government support policy, the imperfection of the registration system for grassroots social organization, low standardization in the organization, lack of performance evaluation and assessment system on the micro level. Investigating from the degree ofadministration, the Supporting Social Organizations faces too much administrative predicaments like establishment, leadership candidate election, the main source of funds, internal and external management and specific operation process. Still, the Supporting Social Organizations have insufficient internal governance capabilities like low level of standardized management, lack of ability to raise resources, short of human resource, and weak external serviceability such as low service level and service matching degree, imprecise service positioning, and lack of service performance guarantee.Through the research of documents and masterpiece, this essay focuses mainly on these organizations located in advanced countries like America, UK, Japan and French, analyzing the typical Supporting Social Organizations and their activities.Through analyzing their development, type, contribution, governance structure,funding sources, the experiences, lessons and enlightenment could be learned to further help the domestic organizations in finding the strategies and methods to improve. It can be found that the Supporting Social Organizations have a much longer history, more types and taken on the characteristics like umbrella structure of confederation, multiple sources of funding, complete governance structure and strong support function, which can have significant enlightenment in the development and functioning for the Supporting Social Organizations in our country.To solve the difficult situations and obstacles our Supporting Social Organizations have met in their development, lessons must be drawn form the foreign countries,especially form those in advanced countries. To promote the sustainable and healthy development of these organizations, several aspects must be done. Completing law system and supporting policies, establishing and perfecting the relative system of social organization, promoting the juridical person led by the society inside the organizations and making supporting policies to change and improve the external situations. Reforming the social organization and management system, promoting the transformation of the mass organizations, restricting the pluralistic leaders, holding strongly to the missions and values and constraining the behavior of the party and government to create social organizations can all help to extricate the organizations from the bureaucracy. Completing the organizational governance structure, opening up the sources of funds, strengthening internal scientific management methods and optimizing human resource management methods can help to improve the internal governance. Redefining and sticking to the service-oriented philosophy, conforming to the trend of professional development, improving the professional level in service and forming alliance between social organizations can help to improve the ability in serving the society. Strengthening the public supervision, promoting information disclosure and conducting performance evaluation can help to strengthen external supervisory powers over the Supporting Social Organizations.