| The core of “Three Rural Issues” is the issue of peasants,of which the core is the issue of peasants' rights and interests(i.e.whether the peasants' rights and interests can be respected,maintained and realized etc.),and further the peasants' rights and interests is focused on the rights and interests of land.China has entered the stage of “Separation of Three Powers” in collective land.“Three Powers” can be explained to land ownership,land contractual management rights,and land management rights.Under the policy of “Separation of Three Powers”,farmers own the rights of land contractual management with property nature,which fundamentally guarantees the peasants' basic rights of land ownership and land management rights,considering the basic national conditions in which farmers are in large numbers.Meanwhile,the policy of “Separation of Three Powers” provides institutional permission for the transfer of land management,and offers institutional guarantee to the appropriate development of land scale operation and agricultural diversification,and satisfies the requirement of developing modern agriculture.it has become an important basic system to promote the development of modern agriculture in line with China's basic national conditions.Land ownership certification is of great significance to confirming and protecting land property of peasants and improving the land structure of “Separation of Three Powers”.The circulation of land,as an important way to realize agricultural scale operations,is a choice of times for the household contract responsibility system to adapt to the economic development of the society,and is the necessary requirement to realize agricultural scale operation,transfer rural labor force,increase the income of farmers,and achieve the balance development between urban and rural.Although the central government has clearly put forward to encouraging the circulation of rural land and local governments have also promulgated a series of documents and regulations to regulate rural land circulation,there still are some problems such as lack of vitality,small scale,and uncoordinated structure around the land.In the context,the Party of the third Plenary Session of the 17 th CPC Central Committee passed the Decision on Several Major Issues Concerning the Development of Rural Reform and Development which pointed out the direction of rural land reform and proposed “clarify property rights,control usage,intensive and strict management”.This is the first time to put forward clearly do a good job on the issues of rural land ownership and solve the problem of land ownership by the central government.The No.1 Central Document in 2013 put forward “perfect system of rural land contract management rights registration,strengthen the protection of property rights of rural land,woodland and other types of land contract management rights,complete the work of rural land certification and the problems solution of unclear areas within 5 years.” Under the background of national rural land certification,what effect will it bring to transfer of land? Is it positive or negative? What is the mechanism of these effects? How to deal with it? These problems have aroused different opinions in academia.Therefore,to investigate the effect of rural land contracting right on land circulation is of great significance to improving present policy of land ownership certification,promoting transfer of rural land,and developing modern agriculture.This work is based on the survey data of six counties in Hubei Province,researching the influential mechanism and effect of certification of rural land on land transfer from the perspective of peasants.The paper mainly analyses the effect of Hubei's certification of rural land on land transfer from the perspective of intention and behavior,and analyses the differences and reasons of peasants' willingness of land transfer and transferring behavior.Further based on the above analysis,it analyses the certification of rural land on land transfer from the perspective of positive effects and potential risk.The study has mainly concluded:(a)The registration and certification of land ownership have distinct effect on peasants' willingness,and the satisfaction of which plays a positive role in promoting peasants to transfer rural land.(b)The registration and certification of land ownership have great significant effect on peasants' transferring behavior,among which it could obviously promote peasants to transfer out of the land;while it is not significant for them to transfer in.The registration and certification of land ownership have positive effect on peasants' transferring behavior and the satisfaction of which has a positive role in both behavior of transferring in and out.(c)After land ownership,peasants' initial willingness for land transfer is inconsistent with their final behaviors.In the survey sample,there are still 22.88% peasants have willingness of transferring without transferring behavior,and about 0.79% don't have the willingness but transferred their land.Among those peasants who transferred their land,52.21% are willing to transfer in and out and 47.79% are willing to transfer out and in.In the context of certification of land ownership,the reasons may be concluded that agriculture is lacking good policies to guide agricultural products and expedite agricultural information channels,the expectation to achieve interests immediately as well as traditional social security function and other factors.(d)Comparison the before and after results of the registration and certification of land ownership,the proportion of the willingness and behavior of farmers' land transfer agreement is reduced by 10.45%,and the willingness and behavior of rural land transfer are not consistent with increasing the proportion of 10.45%.The right enlarges the differences between the rural land transfer willingness and behavior.The analysis of reasons for farmers' willingness and behavior difference of farmland land transfer before and after farmland right decision can be considered from three aspects: macroscopic factor,meso-level factor,and microscopic factor.The macroscopic factors are mainly the low return of farmland transferred from the whole land circulation market and the coercive intervention of the government,which results in the difference of farmers' willingness and behavior before and after land ownership.The middle-view factor is mainly about the village cadres in the village collective concerns,as well as the rural herd and other psychological factors,the farmers in the land before and after the transfer of will and behavior of the difference.The factors of microcosmic factors such as lack of rural social security,preference for control,and resource endowment affect the farmers' willingness to act contrary to their behavior.Overall,certification of land ownership has a positive impact on rural land transfer,but in the research we noticed that on one hand it will affect the realization of land circulation.Due to the limitations of peasants themselves,the certification of land ownership strengthens the security of land ownership.Secure land ownership can stimulate peasants to invest,to improve the value of farmland,to strengthen the “endowment effect” of land.But this may increases the difficulty in the actual process,affecting the realization of land circulation.On the other hand,the certification of land ownership has potential risks for the transfer of rural surplus labor.After the certification,peasants solve the menace from the rear,which will accelerate the transfer of rural surplus labor,but it should be concerned by who will farm in the future.Therefore,in the process of the certification of land ownership,we should master the degree and actively take measures,change the methods,avoid risks and give full play to the positive role of the certification of land ownership in the rural economic development.There are some innovations in this paper: First,it's the research content.At present,the certification of land ownership,as a new economic and social policy,owns its particularity,so does its embedded environment,which is a new exploration of the influence of rural land transfer,not to mention that the current related researchs are very few.Second,the perspective of research is special.Different from those previous studies which studied from the positive and negative aspects and simply summarized how the certification of land ownership affected land transfer,this study investigates its influence on land transfer from willingness,behavior,whether certificated or not and satisfaction,which helps to examine the potential impact on the sustainability of land transfer from agricultural policy.Third,it is the innovation of research ideas.In our study,the comparative analysis of the differences and reasons of peasants' intention and behavior before and after the land transfer of agricultural land reflects the influence of farmland ownership to the rural land transfer,and is also a new way of thinking. |
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