| Translation criticism is an essential part of translation studies. It is an essential link between translation theory and its practice. Translation criticism is closely related to the development of other aspects of translation studies. When a new translation theory appears, it can often bring some new ideas for translation criticism and consequently results in some changes, either in the method or in the principle.However, compared with the prosperity of translation theory, the development of translation criticism lags far behind. The two main tendencies of translation criticism are still "finding faults" and "impressive making". Though the development of translation theory has also given rise to some valuable models of translation criticism, these models are far from satisfactory because of their mono-dimension. This thesis analyzes four main models of translation criticism: the traditional author-centered criticism model, text-centered criticism model, reader-response criticism model and functional criticism model. It is concluded that all these models mainly focus on just one aspect of translation respectively and cut the linkage between the elements in the chain of author-text-translator-reader. Translation is a complex activity, with many factors influencing the production of the translation product and its reception. Correspondingly, translationcriticism should not focus on just one or two aspects but be comprehensive and multi-dimentional. Thus, to keep the pace of the development of translation theory, and to guide the practice of translation effectively, it is imperative to establish a comprehensive model of translation criticism, which is just the aim of this thesis. And the translation criticism practiced under the guidance of this model may be more objective.Nord (1991) has pointed out that a more objective form of translation criticism should be based on a comparative analysis of both the source and the target text and should provide information about the similarities and differences of the source language (SL) and the target language (TL) structures represented in both texts, as well as about the individual process of translation and the strategies and methods used. Up till now, many efforts in the circle of translation criticism have been made on a comparative analysis of the source and target text, but the investigation of the process of translation has not attracted enough attention of the translation criticism researchers. However, the study of translation process in the field of translation theory has been developing with prosperity. Many translation theorists have contributed to it and constructed various models, from different perspectives and with different focuses, such as Nida's linguistic model (Nida and Taber, 1969), Kade's communication model (Lorscher, 1991), Honig and Kussmaul's functional model (Lorscher, 1991), Bell's psycholinguistic model (Bell, 1991), to name just a few.However, despite of the boom of the process-oriented translation study, it is just because the current studies approach translation process from different perspectives that they devote to focus on no more than a restricted set of elements. Thus, after having a review of the present models, this thesis attempts to construct an integrated model of translation process with the hope to present a comprehensive concept of translation process. It is based on this integrated model that a comprehensive model of translation criticism is to be constructed.This model is based on the comprehensive study of translation process, thus it is process-oriented. It clarifies the various stages of translation criticism, and identifies what factors the critic should take into consideration at each stage. Since it is a comprehensive model, it is quite flexible, and gives adequate space for the critic to make adjustments in different situations. Thereafter, it can be applied to guide the practice of translation criticism on both literary translation as well as LSP (language for special...
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