Simulated Altitude Training On The Testes, Adrenal Glands And Thymus Tissue And Its Possible Mechanism

Objective:To approach the effect and possible mechanism of the simulating plateau training and different condition recovery time after IHT to the endocrine and immune organs in rats.Methods:96 healthy and 8-week-years-old male SD rats,national standards rodents dry feed(provided by BeiJing University Medical School animal administrative center),Conventional sub-cage farming,free drink and eat,natural lighting,animal laboratory temperature of 20℃to 24℃,humidity ranged from 30%to 60%.32 SD rats were divided randomly into 4 groups,each 8:normoxia control group, normoxia training group,hypoxia control group,hypoxia training group.All rats were in a density 12.7%and relative altitude 4000m,normal pressure,hypoxia room, training method:treadmill gradient,10 degree;speed,20m/min;5 days training/week,2 days rest/week(the third and 7th),10 min training at the first and second day and 15 min training at the 4th 5th 6th day in the first week,20 min training at the first and second day and 25 min training at the 4th 5th 6th day in the second week,30 min training at the first and second day and 40 min training at the 4th 5th 6th day in the third week,50 min training at the first and second day and 60 min training at the 4th 5th 6th day in the fourth week.64 SD rats were divided randomly into 8 groups,each 8:hypoxia control group, training group,normoxia 24h recovery group,hypoxia 24h recovery group,normoxia 48h recovery group,hypoxia 48h recovery group,normoxia 7d recovery group, hypoxia 7d recovery group.All rats were trained in a density 12.7%and relative altitude 4000m,normal pressure,hypoxia room,training method:treadmill gradient, 10 degree;speed,20m/min;3 min training,then 3 min intermittent rest,circuit training 10 groups,together 30 min.The recovery plan was immediately acted when the training ended,free moving and drink,eat in a normoxia enveroment to the normoxia training groups,free moving and drink,eat in a hypoxia enveroment(12.7%oxygen density,4000m relative altitude) to the hypoxia training groups.After the training according to the experiment plan ended,all the animals of each group were dealt with intraperitoneal injection of anesthesia,then the testile,adrenal, thymus were harvested and fixed in neutral formalin.By immunohistochemical techniques on the testile,adrenal,thymus tissue of laboratory animals Bax,Bcl-2,P53,PCNA,HIF-1α,VEGF,NOS,TNF-α,TGF-β1,HSP70 expression were compared. Immunohistochemistry using Leica microscopic imaging system captures images using Image-Pro Plus 5.1 image processing software integral optical density analysis.Results:1 Simulating plateau training affected the expression of apoptosis factor of the testicle,adrenal,thymus tissue in rats.Simulating plateau training accumulated the expression of P53,Bax,NOS1 and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2,NOS2,NOS3.The results showed that simulating plateau training accumulated the cell apoptosis of the testicle,adrenal,thymus tissue in rats.2 Simulating plateau training accumulated the expression of PCNA.The results showed that simulating plateau training inhibited the cell proliferation of the testicle, adrenal,thymus tissue in rats.3 Simulating plateau training affected the expression of HIF-1αand VEGF of the testicle,adrenal,thymus tissue in rats.Simulating plateau training accumulated the expression of HIF-1αand VEGF.The results showed that simulating plateau training accumulated capillary accrementition and affected cell proliferation and differentiation of the testicle,adrenal,thymus tissue in rats.4 Simulating plateau training affected the expression of HSP70 of the testicle,adrenal, thymus tissue in rats.Simulating plateau trining accumulated the expression of HSP70. The results showed that simulating plateau training caused cell excitability injury.5 Simulating plateau training affected the expression of TGF-β1 and TNF-αof the testicle,adrenal,thymus tissue in rats.The results showed that simulating plateau training affected the normal functions of testicle,adrenal,thymus tissue.6 Different condition recovery time after IHT affected the expression of apoptosis factor Bax,Bcl-2,P53,NOS of the testicle,adrenal and thymus tissue in rats.Hypoxia recovery after IHT accumulated the expression of P53 and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2, compared with it,normoxia recovery was opposite and the retio of Bcl-2/Bax was lower,hypoxia recovery also accumulated the expression of NOS2 of testicle,NOS3 of adrenal and inhibited the other factors,normaxia recovery was opposite with it.The results showed that hypoxia recovery accumulated the cell apoptosis,hypoxia training and normoxia recovery inhibited the cell apoptosis,both in relation to the recovery time,the best time window:testicle,normoxia recovery 7d;adrenal and thymus,24h.7 Different condition recovery time after IHT affected the expression of PCNA of the testicle,adrenal and thymus tissue in rats.After IHT,hypoxia and normoxia recovery both inhibited the expression of PCNA of the testicle,adrenal and thymus tissue in rats,but the later was smaller,IHT accumulated the expression.The results showed that hypoxia and normoxia recovery inhibited the cell proliferation,the later was smaller, hypoxia training accumulated the cell proliferation,both in relation to the recovery time,the best time window:normoxia recovery,24h.. 8 Different condition recovery time after IHT affected the expression of HIF-1αand VEGF of the testicle,adrenal and thymus tissue in rata.After IHT,hypoxia recovery accumulated the expression of HIF-1αand VEGF of the adrenal,thymus tissue but inhibited the the expression of HIF-1αand VEGF of the testicle in rats.The results showed that hypoxia recovery accumulated capillary accrementition of adrenal and thymus,but inhibited testicle,the both in relation to the recovery time,the best time window:testicle,normoxia 24h,adrenal and thymus,hypoxia 7d.9 Different condition recovery time after IHT affected the expression of HSP70 of the testicle,adrenal and thymus tissue in rats.After IHT,hypoxia recovery accumulated but normoxia recovery inhibited the expression of HSP70 of the testicle,adrenal and thymus tissue in rats.The results showed that hypoxia training and normoxia recovery inhibited the cell injury,hypoxia recovery accumulated the cell injury,both in relation to the recovery time,the best time window:normoxia recovery 7d.10 Different condition recovery time after IHT affected the expression of TGF-β1 and TNF-1αof the testicle,adrenal and thymus tissue in rats.After IHT,normoxia recovery inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 and TNF-1αof the adrenal,thymus tissue but accumulated the expression of testicle in rats;hypoxia recovery accumulated the expression TGF-β1 and TNF-αof the adrenal,thymus tissue but inhibited the expression of testicle in rats,The results showed that normoxia recovery accumulated possible inhibited cell apoptosis of testicle,adrenal and thyus,both in relation to the recovery time,the best time window:normoxia recovery,TGF-β1,testicle and adrenal,24h,thymus,7d;TNF-α,.testicle,24h,adrenal and thymus,48h.Conclusions:Simulating plateau training accumulated the cell apoptosis and injury but inhibited the cell proliferation of the testicle,adrenal,thymus tissue in rats in relation to the Bax,Bcl-2,P53,NOS,PCNA,HIF-1α,VEGF,TNF-α,TGF-β1å'ŒHSP70,this affected the secrete of Ts,GC,MCH and the thymus microenviroment and the growth of T lymphocytic which was one of the causes of immune function descending.After IHT,the cell apoptosis,injury and proliferation of the testicle,adrenal,thymus tissue were in closely relation to the recovery time and the norxia and hypoxia conditions,also concerned with the index changes of Bax,Bcl-2,P53,NOS,PCNA,HIF-1α,VEGF,TNF-α,TGF-β1å'ŒHSP70,the best time window of the testicle:normoxia recovery 7d,the adrenal and thymus:normoxia recovery 24h or 48h or 7d.