Study On The Policy Implementation Of Local Government In The Reconstruction Of Urban Shantytowns

The policy of shantytown reconstruction is an important special housing policy implemented by the Chinese government in recent years to improve the housing conditions of the poor families in shantytowns and to stimulate economic growth.Since 2007,the Chinese government has encouraged and promoted the policy innovation of shantytowns transformation,and promoted the large-scale shantytowns transformation throughout the country in order to respond to the severe governance challenges brought by the existence of a large number of shantytowns to social and economic development.Over the past 10 years since central government started the affordable housing project with shantytowns transformation as an important content,a large number of shantytowns have been transformed,and 100 million people "go out of shantytowns and into new residence".From the practice of shantytown reconstruction,we can clearly see that public policy plays a very important role in national governance,and the effectiveness of local government policy implementation is related to the success or failure of national governance.Since the Reform and Opening-up,the relationship between central government and local government has undergone complex changes,with changes in the relationship between governments is the diversification of policy implementation.Different from the characteristics of policy game in the West,the main battlefield is at the stage of policy implementation in China.If we focus on the local level,the implementation of urban shantytowns reform policy is obviously not a simple "command-execution" process,but presents a relatively complex picture of implementation,and local governments take different strategies and actions in different situations.At different policy stages,local execution modes are constantly adjusting and changing,and then showing different types of execution.Under this mode,there will be complex execution effects.Undoubtedly,the intrinsic relationship between the complex factors affecting the implementation of shantytown reform policies and the diversified types of implementation is the key factor for us to understand the process and laws of policy implementation: how the shantytown reform policies are implemented by local governments;what characteristics the implementation process has;which typical implementation modes or types are formed,and what factors are emerging;Whether its mechanism of action has formed a certain structure or not.These are not only the questions that have not been systematically answered by the relevant research on shantytown reconstruction,but also the important experience and rules that the government should seriously sum up to further promote shantytown reconstruction.Compared with the general policies,the shantytown reform policy has dual socio-economic policy attributes.The implementation process of the policy is more complex,and it can better show the logic and rules of the local government policy implementation.The process of local implementation of this policy provides a good "special" case for investigating and understanding the problem of policy implementation in China.This paper combines the relevant theoretical research results of influencing factors and types of policy implementation in China,and constructs a "benefit-path-control" model,which provides a unified analytical framework for understanding the policy implementation behavior and phenomena of local governments under the single system structure.Taking the transformation of shanty towns in Chengdu as an example,this paper investigates and analyses the policy implementation process of local governments in 2007-2017 by using the research framework.The study found that in the process of implementing the policy of shantytown reconstruction,local governments adopted different action modes at different policy stages,and even at the same stage,there was a transformation of execution types.The process of local government’s policy implementation is influenced by many factors,which will work through three mechanism.The three mechanisms will form a certain structure,interact and restrict each other,and jointly input influence to the relatively independent policy implementation system.Local governments will respond to this kind of "input" from three aspects: the attitude tendency of policy implementation,policy awareness and the intensity of behavioral response.Under different "input" conditions,local governments will show different characteristics in four aspects,namely,execution attitude tendency,policy recognition,execution intensity and execution norm,and then determine the corresponding "output" type.The evolution of this type of implementation shows that the implementation of shantytown reform policy is a dynamic and continuous process,and the implementation of each stage is not only different but also closely related.At the same time,it also shows that the policy process is not entirely determined by objective factors.The subjective attitude and policy cognition of the executors also have an important impact on the type of policy implementation mode.The results show that the implementation of shantytown reform policy includes both top-down process and bottom-up process.Policy implementation research should pay more attention to the analysis of the dynamic process of policy implementation,and policy makers must be aware of the dynamic nature of the implementation process and grasp the logic of it.If a public policy wishes to play its role smoothly,it should adjust its objectives and means of realization in a timely manner according to the changes of specific situations and problems arising in its implementation.The research framework of this paper is also meaningful for the analysis of the relationship between central and local governments and the process of political policy.China’s unique institutional environment of political centralization and economic decentralization provides a game space for central and local governments in the process of policy implementation,which increases the complexity and dynamics of policy implementation.This paper combs and analyses the different stages of the policy implementation of shantytowns transformation by using the research framework,and preliminarily explores the characteristics and rules of the time series of policy implementation in the form of specific cases,hoping to contribute to the dynamic research of policy implementation and inspire some ideas for other research as far as possible...